Plant Reproduction

Question What is reproduction? tap to flip ↻ Answer The biological process by which new individuals (offspring) are produced from their parents. Question Name the two main types of reproduction in plants. tap to flip ↻ Answer Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Question Define asexual reproduction. tap to flip ↻ Answer Reproduction without the fusion of gametes, producing genetically identical offspring. Question Define sexual reproduction. tap to flip ↻ Answer Reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in seeds. Question What is vegetative propagation? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants grow from vegetative parts like roots, stems, or leaves. Question Give an example of vegetative propagation by roots. tap to flip ↻ Answer Sweet potato, dahlia, and carrot can propagate from roots. Question Give an example of vegetative propagation by stems. tap to flip ↻ Answer Potato (tuber), ginger (rhizome), and sugarcane (stem cuttings). Question Give an example of vegetative propagation by leaves. tap to flip ↻ Answer Bryophyllum (patharchatta) reproduces from leaves. Question What is budding? tap to flip ↻ Answer A form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth (bud) on the parent body. Question What is fragmentation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Asexual reproduction where the parent body breaks into fragments, each growing into a new individual. Question What is spore formation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Asexual reproduction where parent produces spores that germinate into new individuals under favorable conditions. Question Name the male reproductive part of a flower. tap to flip ↻ Answer Stamen (composed of anther and filament). Question Name the female reproductive part of a flower. tap to flip ↻ Answer Pistil or carpel (composed of stigma, style, and ovary). Question What is pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Question Differentiate self-pollination and cross-pollination. tap to flip ↻ Answer Self-pollination: pollen transfer within the same flower or plant. Cross-pollination: pollen transfer between different plants of the same species. Question Name two agents of pollination. tap to flip ↻ Answer Wind, water, insects, birds, animals (any two). Question What is fertilization? tap to flip ↻ Answer The fusion of male gamete (from pollen) with female gamete (ovule) to form a zygote. Question What does the ovary develop into after fertilization? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ovary develops into the fruit. Question What does the ovule develop into after fertilization? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ovule develops into the seed. Question What is a seed? tap to flip ↻ Answer A fertilized ovule containing an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat. Question What is germination? tap to flip ↻ Answer The process by which a seed develops into a new plant under favorable conditions. Question Name the conditions necessary for seed germination. tap to flip ↻ Answer Water, oxygen (air), and suitable temperature. Question What is dispersal of seeds? tap to flip ↻ Answer The scattering of seeds away from the parent plant to reduce competition and colonize new areas. Question Name two agents of seed dispersal. tap to flip ↻ Answer Wind, water, animals, or explosive mechanism (any two). Question Give an example of seed dispersal by wind. tap to flip ↻ Answer Seeds of dandelion, maple, and cotton have hair or wings for wind dispersal. Question Give an example of seed dispersal by water. tap to flip ↻ Answer Coconut and lotus seeds are dispersed by water. Question Give an example of seed dispersal by animals. tap to flip ↻ Answer Seeds with hooks (e.g., Xanthium) stick to animal fur; some seeds are eaten and excreted. Question What is an embryo? tap to flip ↻ Answer The young multicellular organism before germination, formed from the zygote. Question What is the function of the flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The reproductive organ of the plant, containing male and female parts for sexual reproduction. Question What is a zygote? tap to flip ↻ Answer The cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes; develops into an embryo.