Plant Biology

Question What are the main parts of a plant? tap to flip ↻ Answer Roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits (including seeds). Question What is the function of roots? tap to flip ↻ Answer Roots anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and minerals. Question What is the function of the stem? tap to flip ↻ Answer The stem supports the plant and transports water, minerals, and food between roots and leaves. Question What is the main function of leaves? tap to flip ↻ Answer Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis, where the plant makes food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Question What is photosynthesis? tap to flip ↻ Answer The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food (glucose) and release oxygen. Question What is chlorophyll? tap to flip ↻ Answer Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves that captures sunlight for photosynthesis. Question What are stomata? tap to flip ↻ Answer Stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out) and water loss. Question What is transpiration? tap to flip ↻ Answer Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata. Question What is the role of flowers in a plant? tap to flip ↻ Answer Flowers are the reproductive parts of the plant; they produce fruits and seeds after pollination and fertilization. Question What is pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower. Question What is fertilization in plants? tap to flip ↻ Answer Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes (pollen and ovule) to form a zygote, which develops into a seed. Question What are the male and female reproductive parts of a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer Male: stamen (anther + filament). Female: pistil/carpel (stigma, style, ovary). Question What is a fruit? tap to flip ↻ Answer A fruit is the mature ovary of a flower that contains seeds and helps in seed dispersal. Question What is seed dispersal? tap to flip ↻ Answer Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant by wind, water, animals, or explosion. Question What is germination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant under suitable conditions (water, oxygen, warmth). Question What are the conditions needed for germination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Water, oxygen (air), and a suitable temperature (warmth). Question What is the difference between taproot and fibrous root? tap to flip ↻ Answer Taproot: one main root with smaller side roots (e.g., carrot). Fibrous root: many thin roots of similar size (e.g., grass). Question What are the two main types of root systems? tap to flip ↻ Answer Taproot system and fibrous root system. Question What is the difference between a herb, shrub, and tree? tap to flip ↻ Answer Herb: small, soft, green stem. Shrub: medium, woody stem, branches near base. Tree: tall, thick woody trunk. Question What are the two main types of leaves based on venation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Reticulate venation (net-like veins, e.g., mango) and parallel venation (parallel veins, e.g., grass). Question What is the function of the ovary in a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ovary contains ovules and develops into the fruit after fertilization. Question What is the function of the anther? tap to flip ↻ Answer The anther produces and stores pollen grains. Question What is the function of the stigma? tap to flip ↻ Answer The stigma receives pollen grains during pollination. Question What is the role of the style in a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The style connects the stigma to the ovary and allows the pollen tube to grow through it. Question What are the main agents of pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Wind, water, insects, birds, and other animals. Question What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Self-pollination: pollen from the same flower or plant. Cross-pollination: pollen from a different plant of the same species. Question What is the function of the seed coat? tap to flip ↻ Answer The seed coat protects the embryo inside the seed. Question What are the three main parts of a seed? tap to flip ↻ Answer Seed coat, embryo (baby plant), and cotyledon(s) (food store). Question What is the role of cotyledons? tap to flip ↻ Answer Cotyledons store food for the developing embryo until the seedling can make its own food. Question What is the difference between a monocot and a dicot seed? tap to flip ↻ Answer Monocot: one cotyledon (e.g., maize). Dicot: two cotyledons (e.g., bean). Question What is the function of the xylem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. Question What is the function of the phloem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Phloem transports food (glucose) from leaves to other parts of the plant. Question What is the difference between xylem and phloem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Xylem: transports water and minerals upward. Phloem: transports food in both directions. Question What are the main parts of a leaf? tap to flip ↻ Answer Petiole (stalk), lamina (blade), veins, and midrib. Question What is the function of veins in a leaf? tap to flip ↻ Answer Veins provide support and transport water, minerals, and food. Question What is the difference between simple and compound leaves? tap to flip ↻ Answer Simple leaf: single blade. Compound leaf: blade divided into leaflets. Question What is the role of the petiole? tap to flip ↻ Answer The petiole attaches the leaf blade to the stem and allows the leaf to turn toward light. Question What are the main functions of stems? tap to flip ↻ Answer Support, transport (xylem and phloem), and sometimes storage and photosynthesis. Question What are the two types of buds on a stem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Terminal bud (at the tip, for vertical growth) and axillary/lateral bud (at the side, for branches). Question What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants? tap to flip ↻ Answer Annual: completes life cycle in one year. Biennial: two years. Perennial: lives for many years. Question What is the role of the root hair? tap to flip ↻ Answer Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Question What is the difference between taproot and fibrous root? tap to flip ↻ Answer Taproot: one main root with smaller side roots (e.g., carrot). Fibrous root: many thin roots of similar size (e.g., grass). Question What are the two main types of root systems? tap to flip ↻ Answer Taproot system and fibrous root system. Question What is the difference between a herb, shrub, and tree? tap to flip ↻ Answer Herb: small, soft, green stem. Shrub: medium, woody stem, branches near base. Tree: tall, thick woody trunk. Question What are the two main types of leaves based on venation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Reticulate venation (net-like veins, e.g., mango) and parallel venation (parallel veins, e.g., grass). Question What is the function of the ovary in a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ovary contains ovules and develops into the fruit after fertilization. Question What is the function of the anther? tap to flip ↻ Answer The anther produces and stores pollen grains. Question What is the function of the stigma? tap to flip ↻ Answer The stigma receives pollen grains during pollination. Question What is the role of the style in a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The style connects the stigma to the ovary and allows the pollen tube to grow through it. Question What are the main agents of pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Wind, water, insects, birds, and other animals. Question What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Self-pollination: pollen from the same flower or plant. Cross-pollination: pollen from a different plant of the same species. Question What is the function of the seed coat? tap to flip ↻ Answer The seed coat protects the embryo inside the seed. Question What are the three main parts of a seed? tap to flip ↻ Answer Seed coat, embryo (baby plant), and cotyledon(s) (food store). Question What is the role of cotyledons? tap to flip ↻ Answer Cotyledons store food for the developing embryo until the seedling can make its own food. Question What is the difference between a monocot and a dicot seed? tap to flip ↻ Answer Monocot: one cotyledon (e.g., maize). Dicot: two cotyledons (e.g., bean). Question What is the function of the xylem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. Question What is the function of the phloem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Phloem transports food (glucose) from leaves to other parts of the plant. Question What is the difference between xylem and phloem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Xylem: transports water and minerals upward. Phloem: transports food in both directions. Question What are the main parts of a leaf? tap to flip ↻ Answer Petiole (stalk), lamina (blade), veins, and midrib. Question What is the function of veins in a leaf? tap to flip ↻ Answer Veins provide support and transport water, minerals, and food. Question What is the difference between simple and compound leaves? tap to flip ↻ Answer Simple leaf: single blade. Compound leaf: blade divided into leaflets. Question What is the role of the petiole? tap to flip ↻ Answer The petiole attaches the leaf blade to the stem and allows the leaf to turn toward light. Question What are the main functions of stems? tap to flip ↻ Answer Support, transport (xylem and phloem), and sometimes storage and photosynthesis. Question What are the two types of buds on a stem? tap to flip ↻ Answer Terminal bud (at the tip, for vertical growth) and axillary/lateral bud (at the side, for branches). Question What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants? tap to flip ↻ Answer Annual: completes life cycle in one year. Biennial: two years. Perennial: lives for many years. Question What is the role of the root hair? tap to flip ↻ Answer Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.