Plant Reproduction: 30 flashcards
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1. What is reproduction?
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The biological process by which new individuals (offspring) are produced from their parents.
2. Name the two main types of reproduction in plants.
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Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
3. Define asexual reproduction.
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Reproduction without the fusion of gametes, producing genetically identical offspring.
4. Define sexual reproduction.
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Reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in seeds.
5. What is vegetative propagation?
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A type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants grow from vegetative parts like roots, stems, or leaves.
6. Give an example of vegetative propagation by roots.
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Sweet potato, dahlia, and carrot can propagate from roots.
7. Give an example of vegetative propagation by stems.
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Potato (tuber), ginger (rhizome), and sugarcane (stem cuttings).
8. Give an example of vegetative propagation by leaves.
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Bryophyllum (patharchatta) reproduces from leaves.
9. What is budding?
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A form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth (bud) on the parent body.
10. What is fragmentation?
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Asexual reproduction where the parent body breaks into fragments, each growing into a new individual.
11. What is spore formation?
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Asexual reproduction where parent produces spores that germinate into new individuals under favorable conditions.
12. Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
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Stamen (composed of anther and filament).
13. Name the female reproductive part of a flower.
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Pistil or carpel (composed of stigma, style, and ovary).
14. What is pollination?
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The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
15. Differentiate self-pollination and cross-pollination.
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Self-pollination: pollen transfer within the same flower or plant. Cross-pollination: pollen transfer between different plants of the same species.
16. Name two agents of pollination.
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Wind, water, insects, birds, animals (any two).
17. What is fertilization?
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The fusion of male gamete (from pollen) with female gamete (ovule) to form a zygote.
18. What does the ovary develop into after fertilization?
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The ovary develops into the fruit.
19. What does the ovule develop into after fertilization?
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The ovule develops into the seed.
20. What is a seed?
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A fertilized ovule containing an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat.
21. What is germination?
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The process by which a seed develops into a new plant under favorable conditions.
22. Name the conditions necessary for seed germination.
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Water, oxygen (air), and suitable temperature.
23. What is dispersal of seeds?
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The scattering of seeds away from the parent plant to reduce competition and colonize new areas.
24. Name two agents of seed dispersal.
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Wind, water, animals, or explosive mechanism (any two).
25. Give an example of seed dispersal by wind.
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Seeds of dandelion, maple, and cotton have hair or wings for wind dispersal.
26. Give an example of seed dispersal by water.
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Coconut and lotus seeds are dispersed by water.
27. Give an example of seed dispersal by animals.
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Seeds with hooks (e.g., Xanthium) stick to animal fur; some seeds are eaten and excreted.
28. What is an embryo?
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The young multicellular organism before germination, formed from the zygote.
29. What is the function of the flower?
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The reproductive organ of the plant, containing male and female parts for sexual reproduction.
30. What is a zygote?
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The cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes; develops into an embryo.
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