Reproduction

Question What is reproduction? tap to flip ↻ Answer The biological process by which organisms produce new individuals (offspring) similar to themselves. Question Why is reproduction essential for organisms? tap to flip ↻ Answer It ensures the continuation of the species and prevents extinction. Question What are the two main types of reproduction? tap to flip ↻ Answer Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Question Define asexual reproduction. tap to flip ↻ Answer Reproduction involving a single parent, where offspring are produced without the fusion of gametes. Question Define sexual reproduction. tap to flip ↻ Answer Reproduction involving two parents (usually male and female) where offspring are produced by the fusion of male and female gametes. Question What is binary fission? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in which a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Question What is budding? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from a small outgrowth (bud) on the parent body. Question What is fragmentation? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in which the parent body breaks into two or more fragments, each of which grows into a new individual. Question What is spore formation? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in which the parent produces spores that germinate into new individuals under favourable conditions. Question What is regeneration? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts; in some organisms, it also serves as a mode of asexual reproduction. Question What is vegetative propagation? tap to flip ↻ Answer A type of asexual reproduction in plants in which new plants are produced from vegetative parts such as roots, stems, or leaves. Question What is a gamete? tap to flip ↻ Answer A reproductive cell (sex cell) that fuses with another gamete during sexual reproduction. Question What is fertilisation? tap to flip ↻ Answer The fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) to form a zygote. Question What is a zygote? tap to flip ↻ Answer The diploid cell formed by the fusion of male and female gametes; it develops into a new individual. Question What is external fertilisation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Fertilisation that occurs outside the body of the female, typically in water. Question What is internal fertilisation? tap to flip ↻ Answer Fertilisation that occurs inside the body of the female. Question What is pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Question What is self-pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Pollination in which pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. Question What is cross-pollination? tap to flip ↻ Answer Pollination in which pollen grains are transferred from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species. Question What are the male reproductive parts of a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer Stamen, which consists of anther and filament. Question What are the female reproductive parts of a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer Carpel (pistil), which consists of stigma, style, and ovary. Question What is the function of the ovary in a flower? tap to flip ↻ Answer The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilisation; the ovary develops into the fruit. Question What is the male reproductive organ in humans? tap to flip ↻ Answer Testes, which produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Question What is the female reproductive organ in humans? tap to flip ↻ Answer Ovaries, which produce eggs (ova) and the hormones oestrogen and progesterone. Question What is menstruation? tap to flip ↻ Answer The monthly shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) in females, accompanied by bleeding, if fertilisation does not occur. Question What is the significance of reproduction? tap to flip ↻ Answer It ensures the continuity of species, introduces genetic variation (in sexual reproduction), and plays a role in evolution.