Matter, Atoms & Mixtures: Class 8–9 Foundations: 32 flashcards
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1. What is the particulate nature of matter?
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All matter is made of tiny particles with empty spaces between them, in constant random motion.
2. Why does the water level barely rise when salt dissolves in it?
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Salt particles slip into the empty spaces between water particles.
3. What is diffusion?
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The spreading of particles of one substance through another due to their random motion.
4. How does temperature affect particle motion?
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Higher temperature means faster particle motion (more kinetic energy).
5. Describe the particle arrangement in a solid.
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Tightly packed in fixed positions; particles vibrate in place.
6. Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid.
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Loosely packed; particles slide past each other and take the container's shape.
7. Describe the particle arrangement in a gas.
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Widely spaced; particles move freely at high speed and fill the container.
8. What is a pure substance?
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A substance containing only one kind of particle throughout.
9. What is an element?
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A pure substance made of only one kind of atom that cannot be broken down chemically.
10. What is a compound?
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A substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.
11. How do properties of a compound compare with its elements?
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A compound has properties completely different from its constituent elements.
12. What is a mixture?
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Two or more substances not chemically combined, each retaining its own properties.
13. How can a mixture be separated?
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By physical methods, because components retain their own properties.
14. What is a homogeneous mixture?
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A mixture that is uniform throughout, like salt water or air.
15. What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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A mixture that is not uniform throughout, like sand and iron filings.
16. What is a solution?
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A homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
17. In a solution, which is the solute and which is the solvent?
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The solute is usually in smaller amount and dissolves; the solvent is in larger amount and dissolves the solute.
18. What is a saturated solution?
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A solution containing the maximum solute it can dissolve at a given temperature.
19. How does solubility of most solids change with temperature?
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It increases with temperature.
20. How does solubility of gases change with temperature?
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It decreases with temperature.
21. Which method separates an insoluble solid from a liquid?
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Filtration.
22. Which method recovers a dissolved solid from a solution?
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Evaporation.
23. Which method separates liquids with different boiling points?
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Distillation.
24. Which method separates dissolved colours or dyes?
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Chromatography.
25. What is an atom?
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The smallest unit of an element that retains its identity.
26. What are the three subatomic particles?
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Protons, neutrons and electrons.
27. What is the charge and location of a proton?
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Positive charge, located in the nucleus.
28. What is the charge and location of a neutron?
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Neutral (no charge), located in the nucleus.
29. What is the charge and location of an electron?
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Negative charge, orbiting the nucleus.
30. What determines which element an atom is?
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The number of protons (atomic number) in its nucleus.
31. Is dissolving the same as melting?
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No. Melting is a change of state caused by heat; dissolving is a solute dispersing in a solvent.
32. Why is a compound not a mixture?
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A compound's components are chemically combined in a fixed ratio and cannot be separated by physical methods.
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