Thermometry: 40 flashcards
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1. What is temperature?
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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
2. What does a thermometer measure?
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Temperature
3. What is the SI unit of temperature?
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Kelvin (K)
4. What is the freezing point of water in Celsius?
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$0^\circ\text{C}$
5. What is the boiling point of water in Celsius at standard pressure?
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$100^\circ\text{C}$
6. Convert $25^\circ\text{C}$ to Kelvin.
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$298.15\,\text{K}$
7. What is absolute zero in Celsius?
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$-273.15^\circ\text{C}$
8. What is absolute zero in Kelvin?
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$0\,\text{K}$
9. What is the formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin?
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$K = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15$
10. What is the formula to convert Kelvin to Celsius?
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$^\circ\text{C} = K - 273.15$
11. What is the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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$^\circ\text{F} = \frac{9}{5}(^\circ\text{C}) + 32$
12. What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
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$^\circ\text{C} = \frac{5}{9}(^\circ\text{F} - 32)$
13. What is the principle of a liquid-in-glass thermometer?
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Liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled, causing the liquid column to rise or fall.
14. Which liquid is commonly used in thermometers?
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Mercury or alcohol
15. Why is mercury used in thermometers?
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It expands uniformly, is opaque, and doesn't stick to glass.
16. What is a clinical thermometer?
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A thermometer used to measure human body temperature, typically with a range of $35^\circ\text{C}$ to $42^\circ\text{C}$.
17. What is the normal human body temperature in Celsius?
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$37^\circ\text{C}$
18. What is the normal human body temperature in Fahrenheit?
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$98.6^\circ\text{F}$
19. What is a laboratory thermometer?
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A thermometer used in experiments, typically with a range of $-10^\circ\text{C}$ to $110^\circ\text{C}$.
20. What is the range of a clinical thermometer?
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$35^\circ\text{C}$ to $42^\circ\text{C}$
21. What is the range of a laboratory thermometer?
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$-10^\circ\text{C}$ to $110^\circ\text{C}$
22. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
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Heat is energy transferred due to temperature difference; temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy.
23. What is thermal equilibrium?
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The state when two objects in contact have the same temperature and no net heat flow occurs.
24. What is the Celsius scale based on?
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Freezing point ($0^\circ\text{C}$) and boiling point ($100^\circ\text{C}$) of water at standard pressure.
25. What is the Fahrenheit scale based on?
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Freezing point ($32^\circ\text{F}$) and boiling point ($212^\circ\text{F}$) of water at standard pressure.
26. What is the Kelvin scale based on?
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Absolute zero ($0\,\text{K}$) and the triple point of water ($273.16\,\text{K}$).
27. Convert $100^\circ\text{C}$ to Fahrenheit.
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$212^\circ\text{F}$
28. Convert $32^\circ\text{F}$ to Celsius.
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$0^\circ\text{C}$
29. What is the lowest possible temperature called?
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Absolute zero
30. Can temperature be negative on the Kelvin scale?
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No, Kelvin starts at absolute zero and has no negative values.
31. What is the thermometric property?
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A physical property that changes with temperature, such as volume, pressure, or electrical resistance.
32. Name one thermometric property used in thermometers.
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Volume of a liquid (e.g., mercury or alcohol)
33. What is the formula relating Celsius and Fahrenheit?
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$\frac{^\circ\text{C}}{5} = \frac{^\circ\text{F} - 32}{9}$
34. What is the formula relating Kelvin and Celsius?
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$K = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15$
35. What is the formula relating Kelvin and Fahrenheit?
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$K = \frac{5}{9}(^\circ\text{F} - 32) + 273.15$
36. What is the purpose of the constriction in a clinical thermometer?
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It prevents mercury from flowing back into the bulb, allowing the temperature to be read after removal.
37. Why should a clinical thermometer be sterilized before use?
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To prevent the spread of infections.
38. What is the normal range of human body temperature?
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$36.5^\circ\text{C}$ to $37.5^\circ\text{C}$
39. What is a fever?
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A body temperature above the normal range, typically above $37.5^\circ\text{C}$.
40. What is the SI base unit for thermodynamic temperature?
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Kelvin (K)
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