Plant Cell: 30 flashcards
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1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all plants?
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The **plant cell**.
2. Which structure surrounds the plant cell and provides support and protection?
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The **cell wall**.
3. What is the cell wall primarily made of?
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**Cellulose**.
4. Which part controls the activities of the plant cell and contains genetic material?
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The **nucleus**.
5. What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles?
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The **cytoplasm**.
6. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
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The **mitochondrion** (plural: mitochondria).
7. Which organelle carries out photosynthesis in plant cells?
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The **chloroplast**.
8. What green pigment in chloroplasts captures sunlight for photosynthesis?
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**Chlorophyll**.
9. Which large organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste in plant cells?
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The **central vacuole**.
10. Which organelle is a network of membranes that transports materials within the cell?
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The **endoplasmic reticulum** (ER).
11. What are the small structures that synthesize proteins?
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**Ribosomes**.
12. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids?
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The **Golgi apparatus** (or Golgi body).
13. Which organelles contain digestive enzymes to break down waste?
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**Lysosomes**.
14. What is the selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cell?
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The **cell membrane** (plasma membrane).
15. Which structure in the nucleus makes ribosomes?
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The **nucleolus**.
16. What are the membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell?
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**Vesicles**.
17. Which organelle is responsible for breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances?
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The **peroxisome**.
18. What is the fluid-filled space inside the central vacuole called?
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**Cell sap**.
19. Which part of the plant cell gives it a rigid shape and prevents bursting?
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The **cell wall**.
20. What are the stacks of flattened sacs in the chloroplast called?
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**Thylakoids** (grana are stacks of thylakoids).
21. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?
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The **mitochondrion**.
22. What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
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It stores water and nutrients, and provides **turgor pressure** to keep the cell firm.
23. Which structure allows materials to pass between adjacent plant cells?
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**Plasmodesmata**.
24. What is the term for the living substance of a cell, including the cytoplasm and organelles?
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**Protoplasm**.
25. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs?
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The **smooth endoplasmic reticulum**.
26. What is the function of ribosomes?
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They are the site of **protein synthesis**.
27. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material (DNA)?
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The **nucleus**.
28. What is the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus called?
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The **nuclear envelope** (or nuclear membrane).
29. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins for secretion?
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The **rough endoplasmic reticulum**.
30. What are the small membrane-bound structures that contain enzymes for various metabolic reactions?
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**Peroxisomes**.
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