Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans & Euglenozoans: 20 flashcards
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1. What is the most distinctive feature of Euglenozoa?
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A rod with a spiral or crystalline structure inside each flagellum.
2. What is a pellicle?
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A flexible protein layer under the cell membrane, stiffened by longitudinal microtubules, that gives shape and support.
3. What is a kinetoplast?
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A unique organelle formed by a mass of DNA associated with the kinetosome (basal body) of the flagellum, within a single large mitochondrion.
4. Which subphylum of Euglenozoa has a kinetoplast?
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Kinetoplasta
5. What is the function of the flagellar rod?
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It gives the flagellum strength and a characteristic beat pattern.
6. What is the paraxial rod?
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A rod associated with the flagellum in Trypanosomatidea, arising from a pocket.
7. Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?
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Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis), a fatal neurological disease if untreated.
8. Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
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Chagas's disease.
9. Which disease is caused by Leishmania?
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Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis).
10. How is Trypanosoma gambiense transmitted?
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By the tsetse fly.
11. How is Leishmania transmitted?
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By sandflies.
12. What is the nutrition of Euglenozoa?
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They include predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs, and parasites.
13. Are all Trypanosomatidea parasitic?
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Yes, all members of class Trypanosomatidea are parasitic.
14. What is the difference between a pellicle and a cell wall?
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A pellicle is a flexible protein layer under the membrane; a cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
15. Where do kinetoplastids live?
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In fresh water, marine, and moist environments; some are parasites in plants and animals.
16. Why is the kinetoplast important for medicine?
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It is unique to the group, so it is a useful target for diagnosis and drug development.
17. What are the longitudinal microtubules in Euglenozoa?
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Microtubules lying just below the cell membrane that stiffen into the pellicle.
18. How many flagella do Trypanosomatidea typically have?
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One or two flagella arising from a pocket.
19. What is the kinetosome?
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The basal body of the flagellum, associated with the DNA mass to form the kinetoplast.
20. Which protozoan phylum has a pellicle and a flagellar rod?
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Euglenozoa.
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