Physics Foundations: Class 8–9 Concepts (Electricity, Magnetism, Pressure, Light, Motion, Forces, Energy): 35 flashcards
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1. What happens around a wire carrying electric current?
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A magnetic field is produced around it, forming concentric circles perpendicular to the wire.
2. What did Oersted discover?
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A compass needle deflects near a current-carrying wire, proving current has a magnetic effect.
3. What happens to the magnetic field if you reverse the current?
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The direction of the magnetic field reverses.
4. What is a solenoid?
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A coil of wire that behaves like a bar magnet when current flows through it.
5. What is an electromagnet?
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A magnet made by wrapping a wire around a soft iron core; it is magnetic only while current flows.
6. Name three uses of electromagnets.
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Electric bells, cranes for lifting scrap iron, and loudspeakers.
7. What does the heating effect of current depend on?
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It depends on current, resistance, and time.
8. Why does a bulb filament glow?
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It has high resistance, so it heats up and glows when current passes.
9. How does a fuse protect a circuit?
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It melts and breaks the circuit when current is too high, using the heating effect.
10. What is electrolysis?
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Using electric current to cause a chemical reaction, such as splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen.
11. What is electroplating?
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Coating one metal with another using the chemical effect of current.
12. Why does wind blow?
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Air moves from high pressure to low pressure, creating wind.
13. What causes pressure differences in the atmosphere?
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Unequal heating of the Earth's surface by the Sun.
14. What is a cyclone?
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A huge rotating low-pressure storm system.
15. What is the Coriolis effect?
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The effect of Earth's rotation that makes cyclone winds spiral instead of moving straight.
16. In which direction do cyclones rotate in the Northern Hemisphere?
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Anticlockwise.
17. Why do cyclones weaken over land?
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They lose their moisture supply, which is needed to keep the storm going.
18. How does light travel?
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Light travels in straight lines.
19. What kind of image does a plane mirror form?
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A virtual, upright, same-size image.
20. What does a concave mirror do to light?
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It converges light and can form real images.
21. What does a convex mirror do to light?
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It diverges light and gives a wide field of view.
22. What does a convex lens do?
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It converges light; used in magnifying glasses, cameras, and eyes.
23. What does a concave lens do?
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It diverges light; used to correct short-sightedness.
24. Define speed.
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Distance travelled per unit time.
25. How is velocity different from speed?
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Velocity includes direction; speed does not.
26. What does the slope of a distance–time graph indicate?
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The speed of the object.
27. What does the slope of a velocity–time graph indicate?
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The acceleration of the object.
28. What is a force?
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A push or pull that can change an object's state of motion.
29. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
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Balanced forces cause no change in motion; unbalanced forces do.
30. What is friction?
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A force that opposes motion between surfaces in contact.
31. State the formula for work.
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$W = F \times d$ (force times displacement).
32. What are the two main forms of energy?
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Kinetic energy (motion) and potential energy (position/stored).
33. State the formula for power.
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$P = W/t$ (work divided by time).
34. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
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Heat is energy transferred; temperature measures average molecular motion.
35. What is the chemical effect of current used for?
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Electrolysis and electroplating.
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