Acids, Bases and Salts: 31 flashcards
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1. What ion do acids produce in water?
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Hydrogen ions ($H^+$)
2. What ion do bases produce in water?
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Hydroxide ions ($OH^-$)
3. What colour does blue litmus turn in an acid?
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Red
4. What colour does red litmus turn in a base?
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Blue
5. What is the pH range of the pH scale?
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0 to 14
6. What pH value is neutral?
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7
7. Is pH below 7 acidic or basic?
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Acidic
8. Is pH above 7 acidic or basic?
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Basic (alkaline)
9. What is the general word equation for neutralisation?
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acid + base → salt + water
10. In neutralisation, which two ions combine to form water?
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$H^+$ and $OH^-$
11. Define a salt in chemistry.
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A compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion
12. What colour is methyl orange in acid, and in base?
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Red in acid, yellow in base
13. What colour is phenolphthalein in acid, and in base?
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Colourless in acid, pink in base
14. What does 'strong acid' mean?
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An acid that ionises almost completely in water
15. What does 'concentrated' mean for an acid or base?
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How much acid or base is dissolved in a given volume of water
16. Which acid is found in citrus fruits?
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Citric acid
17. Which acid is found in curd?
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Lactic acid
18. Which acid is found in vinegar?
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Acetic acid
19. What is baking soda chemically, and is it acidic or basic?
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Sodium bicarbonate — a mild base
20. Why does soap feel slippery?
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Soap is basic
21. Why is toothpaste mildly basic?
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To neutralise acid produced by bacteria on teeth
22. Why do farmers add lime to soil?
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Lime is a base that raises the pH of acidic soil
23. What is an antacid tablet and how does it work?
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A base that neutralises excess stomach acid
24. What salt forms when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
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Sodium chloride
25. Give three examples of salts other than table salt.
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Copper sulphate, calcium carbonate, ammonium nitrate
26. What does a logarithmic pH scale mean?
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Each unit is a tenfold change in $H^+$ concentration
27. What pH does lemon juice have, roughly?
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About 2
28. What pH does soap solution have, roughly?
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About 9–10
29. What pH does pure water have?
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7 (neutral)
30. What salt type forms from a strong acid and a weak base?
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An acidic salt
31. What salt type forms from a strong base and a weak acid?
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A basic salt
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