Life Processes: 30 flashcards
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1. What are life processes?
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Processes essential for survival of living beings like nutrition, respiration, excretion, and reproduction.
2. What is the alimentary canal?
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A long tube where complex food components are broken down into simpler forms, starting from mouth and ending at anus.
3. What is mechanical digestion?
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The process of initial breakdown of food into fine pieces by crushing and chewing in the mouth.
4. What is the role of saliva in digestion?
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Saliva contains a digestive juice that breaks down starch into sugars.
5. What is digestion?
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The process of breaking complex food components into simpler forms in the body.
6. What is the function of the oesophagus?
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It is a passage from the mouth to the stomach; walls contract and relax to push food down.
7. What does the stomach secrete?
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Digestive juice, acid, and mucus.
8. What is the role of acid in the stomach?
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Helps break down proteins and kills many harmful bacteria.
9. What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
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Protects the stomach lining from the acid, preventing damage.
10. How long is the small intestine?
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Almost 6 metres long, the longest part of the alimentary canal.
11. What does the liver secrete?
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Bile, which is mildly basic, neutralises acids, and breaks down fats into tiny droplets.
12. What does the pancreas secrete?
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Pancreatic juice, which is basic, neutralises acids, and breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
13. What is absorption of nutrients?
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The process where digested nutrients pass from the small intestine into the blood.
14. What are villi?
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Finger-like projections in the inner lining of the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
15. What is the function of the large intestine?
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Absorbs water and some salts from undigested food, making waste semi-solid (stool).
16. What is egestion?
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The process of expelling waste through the anus.
17. What is rumination?
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The process where partially digested food is brought back to the mouth for gradual chewing, as in cows and buffaloes.
18. What is a gizzard?
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A chamber in birds where food is broken down by contraction and relaxation of walls, often with grit.
19. What is breathing?
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The process of inhaling and exhaling air.
20. What is the pathway of air in the respiratory system?
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Nostrils → nasal passages → windpipe → lungs → alveoli.
21. What are alveoli?
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Small balloon-like sacs in the lungs where exchange of gases occurs.
22. What happens during inhalation?
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Ribs move up and outwards, diaphragm moves downwards, increasing chest space and air enters lungs.
23. What happens during exhalation?
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Ribs move down and inwards, diaphragm moves upwards, reducing space and pushing air out.
24. What does the lime water test indicate about exhaled air?
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Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide than inhaled air, as lime water turns milky.
25. What is respiration?
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The chemical process where oxygen breaks down glucose to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
26. What is the word equation for respiration?
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Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
27. How do fish breathe?
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Through gills, which are richly supplied with blood vessels for gas exchange in water.
28. How do amphibians like frogs breathe?
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Tadpoles breathe through gills; adult frogs use lungs on land and skin in water.
29. How do earthworms breathe?
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Through their moist skin for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
30. What is the circulatory system?
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System including heart, blood, and blood vessels that transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste.
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