Resistance & Resilience: 39 flashcards
All 39 flashcards from this kit, free and with no sign-up.
1. What does 'resistance' refer to in historical contexts?
Show the answer
The act of opposing or fighting against authority, oppression, or external control.
2. What does 'resilience' mean in historical contexts?
Show the answer
The capacity of individuals or communities to recover from and adapt to challenges or crises.
3. Name one major example of resistance in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Show the answer
Peasant revolts, such as the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
4. What was the significance of the Magna Carta (1215) in the context of resistance?
Show the answer
It limited the power of the English monarch and established that the king was subject to law, representing resistance to arbitrary rule.
5. How did the Mongol invasions of the 13th century provoke resistance?
Show the answer
Conquered peoples often rebelled or resisted Mongol rule, such as the resistance of the Kievan Rus' and the Mamluks' victory at Ain Jalut (1260).
6. What was the Reconquista?
Show the answer
The centuries-long Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, completed in 1492.
7. What was the Hussite movement?
Show the answer
A religious and social reform movement in Bohemia (15th century) that resisted Catholic orthodoxy and German influence, led by Jan Hus and later Jan Žižka.
8. What was the Ottoman Empire's method of resilience after defeat?
Show the answer
They often adapted by incorporating defeated elites, maintaining flexible administration, and learning from opponents, enabling long-term survival.
9. What was the role of the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?
Show the answer
Elite infantry corps that provided military resilience and loyalty to the Sultan, often recruited from conquered Christian communities.
10. What was the significance of the Fall of Constantinople (1453)?
Show the answer
It marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and demonstrated Ottoman resilience and expansion, prompting European resistance and exploration.
11. How did the Ming Dynasty show resilience after the Mongol Yuan rule?
Show the answer
They restored Chinese rule, rebuilt infrastructure, and promoted cultural revival, including the construction of the Forbidden City and naval expeditions.
12. What was the nature of peasant resistance in Ming China?
Show the answer
Peasant revolts occurred due to heavy taxation and corruption, such as the rebellions that contributed to the dynasty's fall in 1644.
13. What was the significance of the Battle of Talikota (1565) in India?
Show the answer
It led to the defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire by the Deccan Sultanates, showcasing resistance against a dominant power and subsequent resilience in regional kingdoms.
14. How did the Mughal Empire demonstrate resilience after the Sur Empire interregnum?
Show the answer
Akbar reconquered lost territories, implemented inclusive policies (e.g., sulh-i kul), and strengthened administration, restoring Mughal power.
15. What was the role of the Marathas in resistance against the Mughals?
Show the answer
Led by Shivaji and later leaders, they employed guerrilla warfare and built forts to resist Mughal domination, contributing to Mughal decline.
16. What was the significance of the Spanish resistance against Napoleon?
Show the answer
The Peninsular War (1808-1814) saw Spanish guerrillas and regular forces resist French occupation, demonstrating popular resistance and resilience.
17. How did the Inca Empire show resilience after Spanish conquest?
Show the answer
The Inca established a neo-Inca state in Vilcabamba, resisting Spanish rule until 1572, and preserved cultural traditions.
18. What was the significance of the Pueblo Revolt (1680)?
Show the answer
The Pueblo people successfully revolted against Spanish colonizers in New Mexico, temporarily expelling them and restoring native practices, a key example of indigenous resistance.
19. What was the role of the Dutch in resisting Spanish rule?
Show the answer
The Dutch Revolt (1568-1648) led to the independence of the Dutch Republic, showcasing resilience through economic and military resistance.
20. What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution (1688) in England?
Show the answer
It represented resistance to absolute monarchy and established parliamentary sovereignty, enhancing resilience of representative government.
21. How did the Safavid Empire demonstrate resilience after the Ottoman-Safavid wars?
Show the answer
They recovered from losses, strengthened Shi'a identity, and rebuilt their military, maintaining independence.
22. What was the significance of the Battle of Chaldiran (1514)?
Show the answer
The Safavids were defeated by the Ottomans, but they resiliently recovered and maintained their empire, though losing some territories.
23. What was the role of the Portuguese in resistance and resilience in the Indian Ocean?
Show the answer
They established a trading empire through fortified posts, often facing local resistance, but showed resilience by adapting to local trade networks.
24. What was the significance of the Ethiopian resistance against foreign invasions?
Show the answer
Ethiopia resisted Ottoman and later Italian invasions, maintaining independence, exemplified by the Battle of Adwa (1896) though outside the period, earlier resistance to Ahmad Gragn (16th century) was key.
25. How did the Kingdom of Kongo show resilience after Portuguese encroachment?
Show the answer
Kongo rulers engaged diplomatically and militarily, and although weakened, they preserved their culture and resisted full colonization.
26. What was the significance of the Tupac Amaru II rebellion (1780-1781)?
Show the answer
A major indigenous uprising in Peru against Spanish colonial rule, though unsuccessful, it demonstrated resilience and inspired later movements.
27. What was the role of the Iroquois Confederacy in resistance and resilience?
Show the answer
They formed a powerful confederacy that resisted European colonization and maintained sovereignty through diplomacy and warfare.
28. What was the significance of the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260)?
Show the answer
The Mamluks defeated the Mongols, halting their westward expansion and demonstrating resilience against a seemingly invincible foe.
29. How did the Byzantine Empire show resilience after the Arab conquests?
Show the answer
They reorganized administration, developed the theme system, and used Greek fire to defend Constantinople, surviving for centuries.
30. What was the significance of the Siege of Vienna (1683)?
Show the answer
The Ottoman siege was repelled by a coalition of European powers, marking a turning point in Ottoman expansion and European resilience.
31. What was the role of the Cossacks in resistance against Polish and Russian rule?
Show the answer
Cossacks often rebelled, such as the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648), seeking autonomy and resisting foreign domination.
32. What was the significance of the Defenestration of Prague (1618)?
Show the answer
It sparked the Thirty Years' War, representing Protestant resistance against Catholic Habsburg rule and leading to long-term resilience of Protestant states.
33. How did the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate show resilience after the Sengoku period?
Show the answer
They unified Japan, imposed strict social order, and limited foreign influence, creating a stable and resilient regime for over 250 years.
34. What was the significance of the Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638)?
Show the answer
A peasant uprising in Japan against heavy taxation and persecution of Christians, crushed by the shogunate, but highlighted resistance and led to stricter isolation policies.
35. What was the role of the Sikhs in resistance against Mughal rule?
Show the answer
From Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, Sikhs resisted Mughal persecution, forming the Khalsa and engaging in armed resistance, demonstrating resilience.
36. What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey (1757) in the context of resistance?
Show the answer
The British East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal, marking the beginning of British colonial rule, but also sparked later resistance movements.
37. How did the Aceh Sultanate show resilience against European colonization?
Show the answer
Aceh resisted Portuguese and later Dutch attempts to control trade, maintaining independence until the early 20th century through fierce resistance.
38. What was the significance of the Mataram Sultanate's resistance against the Dutch?
Show the answer
Mataram fought the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century, though eventually weakened, it exemplified Javanese resistance and resilience.
39. What was the role of the Pueblo Revolt in 1680?
Show the answer
The Pueblo people successfully revolted against Spanish colonizers in New Mexico, temporarily expelling them and restoring native practices, a key example of indigenous resistance.
Your notes can be a kit like these
Every kit here was made from real study material. Point Veda at a chapter, a PDF, a photo or a link and get notes, flashcards, practice MCQs, games and a scored test — free, in 42 languages.
- Chapter notes
- Flashcards
- Practice MCQs
- Scored tests
- Exam prep
Get Veda free See what students get
Free to start · No ads · Works in 42 languages