Rivers, Mountains and Landscapes of India: 39 flashcards
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1. What is a landform?
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A natural feature of the Earth's surface.
2. Name India's five major landforms.
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Mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, coasts.
3. What is the difference between a plain and a plateau?
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A plain is flat and low; a plateau is flat and high with steep edges.
4. Which landform is the Deccan Plateau an example of?
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Plateau
5. Which plain is flat, low, and very fertile?
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The Northern (Ganga) Plain
6. Which desert lies in India and is dry and sandy?
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The Thar Desert
7. What is K2 also known as, and which range does it belong to?
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Godwin-Austen; it is the highest peak of the Karakoram range.
8. Which is the highest Himalayan peak in India, and how tall is it?
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Kangchenjunga, 8,586 m.
9. Which mountain range is the world's youngest and highest?
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The Himalayas
10. Which range is one of the world's oldest fold mountain ranges?
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The Aravalli
11. Which range is the traditional dividing line between North and South India?
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The Vindhya Range
12. Which two parallel ranges have the Narmada flowing between them?
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The Vindhya (north) and Satpura (south).
13. What is another name for the Western Ghats?
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The Sahyadri
14. Which rivers originate in the Western Ghats?
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The Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.
15. How are the Eastern Ghats different from the Western Ghats?
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The Eastern Ghats are broken (discontinuous) and not as high.
16. What is a perennial river?
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A river that flows throughout the year, fed by melting snow and rain.
17. What is a non-perennial river?
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A seasonal river that flows mainly during the monsoon and may shrink in summer.
18. Give two examples of Himalayan rivers.
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Ganga and Yamuna (also Brahmaputra, Indus).
19. Give two examples of Peninsular rivers.
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Godavari and Krishna (also Kaveri, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi).
20. Which three Indian rivers flow west into the Arabian Sea?
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The Indus, Narmada, and Tapi.
21. Why do the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri flow east?
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Because the Deccan Plateau slopes from west to east.
22. Which is the longest river flowing in India, and how long is it?
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The Ganga, about 2,525 km.
23. What is the Triveni Sangam?
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The confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna at Prayagraj, with the invisible Saraswati as the third river.
24. What are the three names of the Brahmaputra?
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Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Brahmaputra in India, Jamuna in Bangladesh.
25. Which river is called the 'Ganga of the South'?
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The Godavari
26. What does 'Punjab' mean, and which five rivers is it named after?
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Land of five waters — Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum.
27. What is a delta?
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A triangular landform formed by silt deposits at a calm river mouth.
28. What is an estuary?
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A funnel-shaped river mouth on a steep coast, without a delta.
29. What is a tributary?
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A smaller river that joins a bigger river.
30. What is a distributary?
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A branch that separates from the main river and flows off, common in deltas.
31. What is a doab?
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The land between two rivers ('two waters').
32. What is a river basin?
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The entire area drained by a river and its tributaries.
33. What is a dam, and what are its uses?
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A strong wall built across a river to store water and control its flow; it supplies drinking and irrigation water, generates hydroelectricity, and controls floods.
34. What causes water pollution?
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Garbage, sewage, industrial waste, and chemicals.
35. What is drought, and how can it be prevented?
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A long period with little or no rainfall; prevent by saving water and practising rainwater harvesting.
36. How can river floods be controlled?
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By building dams and embankments and planting more trees.
37. What should you do before a flood?
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Stay updated via local news, prepare an emergency kit, know evacuation routes, and leave home before water rises if advised.
38. What should you do during a flood?
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Turn off main electricity and gas, avoid walking or driving through floodwater, move to higher ground, and follow authorities.
39. What should you do after a flood?
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Avoid contact with floodwater, stay away from fallen wires, do not enter home until declared safe, inform family, and clean and disinfect the house.
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