Cell Organelles: 43 MCQs with answers

D · Mitochondria

Mitochondria are called the powerhouse because they generate energy for the cell.

B · Ribosome

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that assembles proteins.

D · Cell membrane

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates transport.

C · Chloroplast

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.

D · Vacuole

Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products.

B · Cell wall

Cell walls are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.

A · True

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, giving it a bumpy appearance.

B · False

Lysosomes digest waste; mitochondria generate energy.

A · Energy production

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

D · Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

D · Control entry and exit of substances

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

D · Peroxisome

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide.

D · Protein synthesis

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptides.

C · Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification processes.

D · Storage of genetic information

The nucleus stores the cell's genetic information (DNA) and coordinates activities such as growth and reproduction.

A · Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, which synthesize proteins destined for secretion.

D · Storage of water and nutrients

The vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste products, helping maintain turgor pressure.

C · Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.

C · Digests waste materials

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.

C · Peroxisome

Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances and break down hydrogen peroxide.

C · Produces ribosomes

The nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis.

B · Provides structural support

The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support.

B · Smooth ER

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

C · Mitochondria

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.

C · Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and metabolizing drugs.

D · Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are then modified by the RER.

Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are then modified and folded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

D · Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

B · Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

B · Digestion of macromolecules

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

D · Cell membrane

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

A · Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism.

A · Vacuole

The vacuole is a large sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells.

B · Ribosome production

The nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

C · Mitochondria

Mitochondria are in the 'power and food' group, not making and shipping.

A · Nucleolus

The nucleolus is specifically responsible for synthesizing rRNA and assembling ribosome subunits, which are crucial for protein synthesis.

D · The SER synthesizes lipids while lysosomes break down waste materials.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism, while lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

A · Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, and any dysfunction in this organelle would directly impair ATP production, leading to decreased energy availability.

C · Proteins are synthesized in the RER and then modified and sorted in the Golgi apparatus.

Proteins are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then they are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting.

C · Lysosomes, by breaking down toxins using digestive enzymes.

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down various substances, including toxins, making them crucial for detoxification.

A · Vacuoles provide structural support and regulate turgor pressure.

Vacuoles help maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall, providing structural support and playing a key role in cellular homeostasis.

C · Impaired sorting and shipping of proteins, leading to cellular dysfunction.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins; a malfunction would lead to impaired protein processing and cellular dysfunction.

C · Ribosomes synthesize proteins, and the RER assists in their folding and modification.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists in the folding and modification of these proteins.

C · Mitochondria, by conducting the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Mitochondria are responsible for conducting the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which convert glucose into ATP, the usable form of energy.