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This exam covers essential topics in pharmacotherapeutics, including the etiopathogenesis and management of various diseases such as malaria, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Unders…
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Explain about etiopathogenesis and management of Malaria.
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, and managed with antimalarial drugs.
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Write a note on etiopathogenesis and management of Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
PCOS involves hormonal imbalance leading to cyst formation; management includes lifestyle changes and medications.
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What are the scope and objectives of pharmacotherapeutics?
The scope includes the study of drug effects, while objectives focus on optimizing patient therapy.
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Explain etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestation of Psychoses.
Psychoses involve severe mental disorders with symptoms like delusions and hallucinations; causes vary from genetic to environmental.
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Explain pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of congestive heart failure.
Management includes diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise.
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Define GERD. Explain etiology and pharmacological management of GERD.
GERD is gastroesophageal reflux disease, managed with proton pump inhibitors and lifestyle changes.
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Write a note on etiopathogenesis and pharmacological management of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's is characterized by dopamine deficiency; treated with levodopa and other dopaminergic agents.
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Explain the etiopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
COPD is primarily caused by smoking, leading to airway obstruction and inflammation.
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Explain the clinical manifestations of hyperlipidemia.
Hyperlipidemia often presents with xanthomas, pancreatitis, and increased cardiovascular risk.
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Write in brief the pharmacological management of pneumonia.
Management includes antibiotics based on the causative organism and severity.
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Write a short note on National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM).
NLEM is a list of medicines considered essential for a basic healthcare system.
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What is alcoholic liver disease? Enlist its clinical manifestations.
Alcoholic liver disease includes symptoms like jaundice, ascites, and liver cirrhosis.
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Write a note on causes of antimicrobial resistance.
Causes include overuse of antibiotics, poor infection control, and lack of new drug development.
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List out the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia.
Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
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Explain the non-pharmacological management of osteoarthritis.
Management includes weight loss, physical therapy, and exercise.
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Explain the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition leading to rapid skin cell turnover and inflammation.
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Enlist the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
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Describe briefly the symptoms of conjunctivitis.
Symptoms include redness, itching, and discharge from the eye.
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What is hypertension?
Hypertension is a condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure.
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Identify the chronic inflammatory disease among the following: Diabetes mellitus, Asthma, Cancer, Myasthenia gravis.
Asthma
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Which of these hormones is thought to play a role in Premenstrual syndrome?
All of the above
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First choice of pharmacotherapy for hypothyroidism is:
Levothyroxine
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The most common cause of megaloblastic anemia is vitamin B12 deficiency.
Vitamin B12
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The most common opportunistic infection in HIV in India is:
Tuberculosis
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