Atomic Basics: 40 flashcards
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1. Who postulated the idea of 'Parmanu'?
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Maharishi Kanad
2. What does the word 'atom' mean?
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Indivisible
3. Who proposed the atomic theory in 1808?
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John Dalton
4. State the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
5. State the Law of Constant Proportions.
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In a chemical substance, elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.
6. What is the ratio of masses of hydrogen to oxygen in water?
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1:8
7. What is the ratio of masses of nitrogen to hydrogen in ammonia?
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14:3
8. What is the atomic radius unit?
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Nanometre (nm)
9. Who suggested that symbols of elements be made from one or two letters?
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Berzilius
10. What is the symbol for iron?
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Fe
11. What is the symbol for sodium?
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Na
12. What is the symbol for potassium?
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K
13. Define atomic mass unit (u).
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One atomic mass unit is exactly one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
14. What is the atomic mass of hydrogen?
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1 u
15. What is the atomic mass of oxygen?
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16 u
16. What is a molecule?
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A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together; smallest particle capable of independent existence.
17. What is atomicity?
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The number of atoms constituting a molecule.
18. What is the atomicity of oxygen?
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Diatomic
19. What is the atomicity of phosphorus?
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Tetra-atomic
20. What is an ion?
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A charged species; may be a single atom or a group of atoms with a net charge.
21. What is an anion?
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A negatively charged ion.
22. What is a cation?
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A positively charged ion.
23. What is a polyatomic ion?
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A group of atoms carrying a charge.
24. What is valency?
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The combining power (or capacity) of an element.
25. Write the formula for hydrogen chloride.
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HCl
26. Write the formula for hydrogen sulphide.
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H2S
27. Write the formula for magnesium chloride.
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MgCl2
28. Write the formula for aluminium oxide.
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Al2O3
29. Write the formula for calcium hydroxide.
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Ca(OH)2
30. Write the formula for sodium carbonate.
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Na2CO3
31. Write the formula for ammonium sulphate.
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(NH4)2SO4
32. What is molecular mass?
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The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.
33. Calculate the molecular mass of water (H2O).
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18 u
34. Calculate the molecular mass of HNO3.
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63 u
35. What is formula unit mass?
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The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit of a compound.
36. Calculate the formula unit mass of NaCl.
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58.5 u
37. Calculate the formula unit mass of CaCl2.
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111 u
38. Which postulate of Dalton's theory explains the law of conservation of mass?
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Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
39. Which postulate of Dalton's theory explains the law of definite proportions?
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Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
40. What is the chemical formula of a compound?
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A symbolic representation of its composition.
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