Conservation of Water and Soil: 18 flashcards
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1. What does conservation mean?
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Using resources carefully so they are not wasted, polluted, or destroyed.
2. Why is most of Earth's water not usable for drinking?
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Because most of it is salty ocean water or frozen in glaciers and ice caps.
3. Why is freshwater called a limited resource?
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Only a small fraction of Earth's water is fresh and accessible, and it must serve a huge, growing population.
4. What is drip irrigation?
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A watering method that delivers water directly to plant roots, drop by drop.
5. How does drip irrigation save water compared to flood irrigation?
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It reduces water lost to evaporation and runoff because water goes straight to the roots instead of covering the whole field.
6. What is rainwater harvesting?
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Collecting and storing rainwater instead of letting it run off and go to waste.
7. Give two ways to save water at home.
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Fix leaking taps and turn off the tap while brushing teeth.
8. What is soil made of?
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A mixture of rock particles, humus, water, air, and microorganisms.
9. Why is fertile soil called a 'slow-forming' resource?
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Because it forms through the extremely slow weathering of rock, taking hundreds to thousands of years for even a few centimetres.
10. What is soil erosion?
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The removal of the fertile top layer of soil by water or wind.
11. How does deforestation lead to soil erosion?
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Tree roots normally hold soil in place; without them, rain and wind easily wash or blow topsoil away.
12. How does overgrazing cause erosion?
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Animals eat away the protective plant cover, leaving soil exposed to wind and water.
13. Why does erosion reduce crop yields?
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Erosion removes the nutrient-rich topsoil, leaving less fertile soil that produces weaker crops and smaller harvests.
14. What is terrace farming?
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Creating flat, step-like platforms on sloped land to slow water flow and reduce erosion.
15. What is contour ploughing?
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Ploughing along the natural curves of the land to reduce soil loss.
16. What is afforestation?
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Planting trees so their roots hold the soil together and protect it from erosion.
17. What is a windbreak?
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A row of trees planted to block wind and protect soil from being blown away.
18. Why can erosion on steep slopes cause landslides?
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When the topsoil that holds the slope together is washed away, the bare slope can collapse.
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