Festivals and Seasons of India: 25 flashcards
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1. How many main seasons does India experience?
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Three: Summer, Monsoon (Rainy), and Winter.
2. What are the months of the summer season in India?
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March to June.
3. What are the months of the monsoon season in India?
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June to September.
4. What are the months of the winter season in India?
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November to February.
5. What is the main driver of India's distinct seasons?
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The seasonal monsoon winds, combined with India's large size and geography.
6. Which winds bring rain to India during the monsoon?
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The southwest monsoon winds.
7. From which water bodies do monsoon winds pick up moisture?
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The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
8. What is India's main source of water supply?
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Monsoon rainfall.
9. What are Kharif crops?
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Crops sown with the monsoon (June–July) and harvested in autumn; they need plenty of water.
10. What are Rabi crops?
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Crops sown in winter (October–November) and harvested in spring; they need cool weather and less water.
11. Name three major Kharif crops.
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Rice, maize, and cotton.
12. Name three major Rabi crops.
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Wheat, mustard, and gram (chickpea).
13. Why is rice classified as a Kharif crop?
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Because it needs plenty of water, which the monsoon rains provide, and is sown and harvested in the rainy season.
14. Why do northern parts of India have colder winters than southern parts?
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Northern India is farther from the equator, closer to the Himalayas, and further inland, all of which make winters colder.
15. What is Makar Sankranti (Pongal) and when is it celebrated?
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A harvest festival celebrated in January that marks the end of the winter harvest season.
16. What does Baisakhi celebrate and where is it mainly celebrated?
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It marks the harvest of the Rabi crop (especially wheat) in April, mainly in Punjab, and holds special religious significance for Sikhs.
17. What is Onam?
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The major harvest festival of Kerala, celebrated with floral decorations and a traditional feast.
18. Which festival is called the festival of lights, and who celebrates it?
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Diwali, celebrated by Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs, with homes lit by clay lamps called diyas.
19. What does Holi celebrate and what is its key feature?
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It is the festival of colours, welcoming spring, celebrated by Hindus and many others across India.
20. What does Eid-ul-Fitr mark?
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The end of Ramadan, celebrated with the sighting of the new moon by Muslims.
21. When are Independence Day and Republic Day celebrated?
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Independence Day on 15 August and Republic Day on 26 January, celebrated by all Indians.
22. Are all Indian festivals religious?
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No. Many festivals are national (like Independence Day) or agriculture-based (like harvest festivals).
23. Why does India experience such distinctly different seasons?
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Because of its size and geography, especially the seasonal monsoon winds, India experiences a yearly cycle of hot, rainy, and cool periods.
24. What happens to the land during summer in North and Central India?
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The sun's rays fall more directly, heating the land, and temperatures can rise above $40^\circ C$.
25. What do farmers do during the summer season?
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They prepare their fields and sow Kharif crops so the crops can benefit from the monsoon rains.
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