Water and Air Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control: 20 flashcards
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1. What is pollution?
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The contamination of the environment by harmful substances called pollutants.
2. What is a pollutant?
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Any substance that causes harm to the environment or living things when present in excess.
3. How can a naturally occurring substance become a pollutant?
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When it is present in excessive amounts that disturb the natural balance, e.g., excess carbon dioxide.
4. Name two major sources of water pollution.
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Untreated industrial waste and untreated sewage.
5. How do fertilizers and pesticides cause water pollution?
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Rainwater washes them off farmland as runoff into rivers and lakes.
6. What is an effect of water pollution on aquatic life?
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Fish and other aquatic animals may die due to toxic substances.
7. Name two diseases caused by drinking polluted water.
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Diarrhea, cholera, typhoid (any two).
8. How does polluted water affect crops?
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Polluted irrigation water can contaminate crops and the food chain.
9. What is air pollution?
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The contamination of air by harmful gases, smoke, and fine particles.
10. List two major sources of air pollution.
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Vehicle exhaust emissions and smoke from factories.
11. What is stubble burning?
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The practice of setting fire to crop residue left in fields after harvest.
12. Why is stubble burning harmful?
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It releases huge amounts of smoke and particles, causing severe smog and air pollution.
13. How does air pollution affect human health?
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Fine particles and harmful gases can damage lungs, enter the bloodstream, and cause respiratory problems like asthma.
14. How is air pollution connected to global warming?
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Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) that trap heat in the atmosphere.
15. What is smog?
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A thick fog-like mixture of smoke and fog in the air, reducing visibility and harming health.
16. How can using public transport reduce air pollution?
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It reduces the number of vehicles burning fuel, thus lowering total exhaust emissions per person.
17. Why is treating sewage before releasing it into rivers important?
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Treatment removes harmful substances and pathogens, protecting aquatic life and downstream water users.
18. What is sewage?
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Wastewater from homes, containing waste, bacteria, and other harmful substances.
19. How does plastic waste pollute water bodies?
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Plastic waste accumulates in water sources, harming aquatic life and contaminating water.
20. What is one way to reduce water pollution from industries?
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Treat industrial waste before releasing it into water bodies.
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