Getting to Know About Plants: 20 flashcards
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1. What is an autotroph?
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An organism that makes its own food — plants are autotrophs.
2. What is photosynthesis?
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The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen.
3. What is chlorophyll?
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The green pigment in leaves that captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
4. What are stomata?
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Tiny pores on leaves that allow gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out).
5. What is the main function of roots?
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To anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals from the soil.
6. What is the main function of the stem?
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To support the plant and transport water and food between roots and leaves.
7. What does xylem carry?
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Water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.
8. What does phloem carry?
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Food (glucose) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.
9. What is transpiration?
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The loss of water vapour from leaves through stomata, which helps pull water up the stem.
10. What is geotropism?
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A plant's response to gravity — roots grow downward (positive) and shoots grow upward (negative).
11. What is phototropism?
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A plant's response to light — shoots and leaves bend toward a light source.
12. What is pollination?
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The transfer of pollen from the stamen (male part) to the pistil (female part) of a flower.
13. What happens after fertilization in a flower?
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The ovule becomes a seed and the ovary becomes a fruit.
14. What is germination?
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The process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant when conditions are suitable.
15. How are plants classified by stem type?
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Herbs (soft green stems), shrubs (woody, branch near ground), trees (tall woody trunk), climbers, and creepers.
16. Do plants respire only at night?
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No — plants respire continuously, day and night, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
17. Where does most of a tree's mass come from?
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From carbon dioxide in the air, not from the soil.
18. What is botany?
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The scientific study of plants.
19. Name three plant defenses against herbivores.
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Thorns/spines, sticky sap, and bitter or toxic chemicals (also stinging hairs).
20. Why are leaves broad and flat?
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To expose a large surface area to sunlight for photosynthesis.
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