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This section covers essential concepts in combustion and engine performance, focusing on stoichiometric ratios, burning velocity, combustion types, and measurement techniques. Understanding these principles is crucial fo…
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Burning velocity of fuel–air mixtures.
Speed of planar flame front propagation.
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Stoichiometric A/F ratio for CH₄.
Stoichiometric A/F ≈ 17.16 : 1.
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Bunsen-cone method.
Measures burning velocity using a conical flame.
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Spherical expanding-flame method.
Records flame radius for burning velocity.
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Wet and Dry basis of flue gas analysis.
Wet includes H₂O; dry excludes H₂O.
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Chilled-mirror measurement.
Measures dew point by condensation on a mirror.
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Flame stretch and Markstein length.
Relates burning velocity to stretch.
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Factors affecting stability range.
Equivalence ratio, flow velocity, burner geometry.
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Complete vs incomplete combustion.
Complete combustion produces CO₂ + H₂O; incomplete produces CO, H₂, unburnt HC.
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Stoichiometric combustion calculation workflow.
Balance chemical equation, determine A/F ratio.
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Reasons real systems use excess air.
Ensures complete combustion and reduces emissions.
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N₂/O₂ molar ratio in dry air.
Approximately 3.76.
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Equivalence ratio (φ) for a lean mixture.
φ < 1.
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Water dew point is determined by.
Partial pressure of water vapour.
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Bunsen cone method is used for.
Measuring laminar burning velocity.
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O₂ and N₂ by volume (mole) in dry air.
O₂ ≈ 21%, N₂ ≈ 79%.
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Mass fraction of oxygen in dry air.
Approximately 0.232.
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Denominator term in stoichiometric A/F ratio.
Mass of fuel.
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Flashback.
Flame travels backwards into the burner.
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Dew point.
Temperature at which water vapour condenses.
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Flame stability.
Ability to remain anchored at the burner.
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