B.Sc. Medical Imaging Technology — II Year Question Paper Scope (Radiation Physics, Imaging Physics & Dark Room Techniqu: 30 flashcards
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1. What are the three papers covered in this revision set?
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Radiation Physics; Imaging Physics & Dark Room Techniques; Radiographic Positioning & Techniques.
2. What is the purpose of a grid in radiography?
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To absorb scattered radiation before it reaches the detector, improving image contrast.
3. State two demerits of using a grid.
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It increases patient dose and requires correct alignment/focal distance to avoid cut-off.
4. Define grid cut-off.
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Loss of primary beam (and thus image density) when the grid is misaligned, tilted, or used at the wrong focal distance.
5. Name three beam-restricting devices.
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Cones, cylinders/diaphragms, and collimators.
6. What do filters do in an X-ray beam?
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They remove low-energy photons, reducing patient dose without degrading the image.
7. At what energies and materials does the photoelectric effect dominate?
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At low X-ray energies and in high atomic number materials (e.g. bone, barium, iodine).
8. Why does the photoelectric effect give high subject contrast?
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Because absorption depends strongly on atomic number, so bone/contrast agents absorb far more than soft tissue.
9. What is a grid-controlled X-ray tube?
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A tube with a third electrode (grid) between cathode and anode that rapidly switches the electron beam on and off.
10. How does a diode differ from a triode?
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A diode has two electrodes (cathode, anode); a triode adds a grid for control.
11. What are the functions of the X-ray tube housing?
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Shielding, cooling, and electrical insulation.
12. What advantage does a high-frequency generator give?
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A nearly constant potential across the tube, improving beam quality and output.
13. What is self-rectification?
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Using the X-ray tube itself as a rectifier; it conducts only when the anode is positive, limiting output.
14. Define latent image.
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The invisible pattern of silver atoms formed in the film emulsion after X-ray exposure.
15. What does sensitometry measure?
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The response of film to exposure, giving speed, contrast, and latitude from the characteristic curve.
16. Name the two types of unsharpness discussed.
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Geometric unsharpness and motion unsharpness.
17. What causes geometric unsharpness?
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Focal spot size, object–film distance, and focal–film distance (FFD).
18. What does the ankle mortise view demonstrate?
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The ankle joint space clearly.
19. Which view shows the patellofemoral joint?
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The skyline view.
20. Which projection demonstrates the zygomatic arch?
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The jug handle projection.
21. What is a babygram?
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A whole-body radiograph for infants.
22. What does ALARP stand for?
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As Low As Reasonably Practicable.
23. What is the photoelectric effect?
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An X-ray photon ejects an inner-shell electron and is completely absorbed.
24. What is the anode heel effect?
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Uneven X-ray intensity across the beam due to the angled anode target.
25. What are TLDs used for?
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Personnel radiation monitoring.
26. What is the crossover effect?
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A reduction in sharpness caused by light spreading between intensifying screens.
27. Why is silver recovery important in the dark room?
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To recover silver from fixer and reduce environmental/economic loss.
28. What do COSHH regulations govern?
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Safe handling of chemicals.
29. What is the carpal canal formed by?
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The flexor retinaculum and carpal bones.
30. What does the dental formula describe?
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Tooth types and numbers.
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