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Full explanation, worked examples & memory tricks in the app
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Full explanation, worked examples & memory tricks in the app
Every question in the paper gets a full exam-length answer in the app — organised by marks, the way a topper writes it.
A convex mirror used for rear-view on an automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00m. If a bus is located at 5.00m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image.
Using the mirror formula, the image position is at 1.5m behind the mirror, the nature is virtual, and the size is reduced.
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Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.
Amoeba uses phagocytosis to engulf food particles, forming a food vacuole where digestion occurs.
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Explain the circulation path of blood in human heart.
Blood circulates through the heart via the right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and out to the body.
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Explain human respiratory system.
The human respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, facilitating gas exchange.
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Draw a neat and labeled diagram of human eye. Explain its different parts with functions.
The human eye diagram includes the cornea, lens, retina, and pupil, each serving key roles in vision.
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State causes of myopia. How is this defect corrected? Draw suitable diagram to show it.
Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball; it is corrected using concave lenses.
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(a) Why should curd and sour substances not to be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Curd and sour substances can react with brass and copper, leading to the formation of harmful compounds.
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(b) Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas?
Hydrogen gas is liberated; e.g., Zn + HCl → ZnCl$_2$ + H$_2$. It can be tested using a litmus paper or a burning splint.
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(a) What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.
Trophic levels represent the position of organisms in a food chain; e.g., Grass (1st) → Rabbit (2nd) → Fox (3rd).
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(b) What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
Ozone (O$_3$) protects ecosystems by absorbing harmful UV radiation, preventing damage to living organisms.
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What is combination reaction? Explain it with examples.
A combination reaction is a chemical reaction where two or more substances combine to form a single product, e.g., A + B → AB.
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Explain the importance of pH in food digestion.
pH is crucial in digestion as it affects enzyme activity; for example, stomach acid (pH 1.5-3.5) aids in protein digestion.
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(b) Show the formation of Na$_2$O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
Na$_2$O forms by 2Na → 2Na$^+$ + O + 2e$^-$; MgO forms by Mg → Mg$^{2+}$ + O + 2e$^-$.
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Explain thermit process.
The thermit process involves a reaction between aluminum powder and metal oxides, producing molten metal and aluminum oxide.
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Explain reflex arc. Explain spinal reflex.
A reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action; spinal reflex is an involuntary response to stimuli processed in the spinal cord.
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Explain : Human brain.
The human brain is the control center of the body, responsible for processing sensory information, coordinating movement, and enabling cognition.
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What is corrosion? Mention two ways to prevent corrosion.
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, due to chemical reactions; prevention methods include galvanization and painting.
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(a) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
Sodium: Na•, Oxygen: :O:, Magnesium: Mg•.
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(c) What are the ions present in Na$_2$O and MgO compounds.
Na$_2$O contains Na$^+$ and O$^{2-}$ ions; MgO contains Mg$^{2+}$ and O$^{2-}$ ions.
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Name the type of mirror used in the following situations :- (a) Headlights of a car (b) Rear-view mirror of a vehicle (c) Solar furnace.
a) Concave mirror; b) Convex mirror; c) Concave mirror.
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Write a short note on Bleaching powder.
Bleaching powder (Ca(OCl)$_2$) is used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant, effective against bacteria and stains.
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