OOP Concepts

Encapsulation is the object-oriented principle of bundling data (fields) and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit—a class—while restricting direct access to the internal state. In Java, this is achi…

• Encapsulation bundles a class's data and the methods that operate on it into one unit.
• In Java, fields are declared `private` and accessed via `public` getters and setters.
• Setters allow validation, preventing objects from entering invalid states.

Full explanation, worked examples & memory tricks in the app