Fresh Water Scarcity, Water Conservation & Disasters: 18 flashcards
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1. Why is Earth called the blue planet?
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About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water.
2. What fraction of Earth's water is fresh water usable for drinking and farming?
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Only a very small fraction — most water is salty ocean water.
3. Where is most of Earth's fresh water locked up?
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In ice caps and glaciers, and deep underground.
4. What is water scarcity?
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A shortage of clean, usable fresh water in a particular place at a particular time.
5. Why does uneven distribution of water cause scarcity?
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Some regions get plenty of rain while others are dry, so usable water is not available everywhere equally.
6. List four simple ways to save water at home.
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Turn off taps, fix leaks, reuse water, and harvest rainwater.
7. How can water used to wash vegetables be reused?
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Collect it in a bucket and use it to water plants.
8. What is rainwater harvesting?
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Collecting and storing rainwater for later use, such as in tanks or by letting it seep into the ground.
9. What is a disaster?
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An event that causes huge loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment.
10. Give two examples of natural disasters.
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Floods and droughts (also earthquakes and cyclones).
11. What is a flood?
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A water-related disaster caused by too much water.
12. What is a drought?
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A slow-onset disaster caused by too little water over a long period.
13. Which government body in India deals with disaster management?
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The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
14. What is the main job of the NDMA?
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Laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management and coordinating response.
15. Why is ocean water not directly usable for drinking or farming?
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It is salty and needs expensive treatment before use.
16. Why does saving water matter for plants and animals?
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They need fresh water to survive; scarcity harms ecosystems and crops.
17. What is the common mistake about Earth's water supply?
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Thinking water is unlimited because oceans are huge — but fresh water is a small, precious fraction.
18. How does water scarcity connect to drought?
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Long periods of low rainfall cause drought, a slow-onset disaster linked to water scarcity.
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