Internet and Cyber Security: 22 flashcards
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1. What is a cyber threat?
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Any potential danger or malicious act that causes disruption through theft, damage, or unauthorized access of computer systems, networks, software, or electronic data.
2. Name the three broad forms of cyber threats given in the chapter.
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Malware, Phishing, and Data Breach.
3. What is phishing?
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A technique where criminals masquerade as trusted institutions (banks, schools, known individuals) to ask for personal information like passwords, OTPs, or credit card details.
4. Give the classic example of a phishing message.
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"Your account is about to be closed; verify your information by clicking this link immediately."
5. What is malware?
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Malicious software that enters a device to cause damage — includes viruses, Trojan horses, and spyware that slow down the device or secretly monitor activities.
6. What is ransomware?
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A specific malware that encrypts all files on a computer and demands a ransom (money) to return them.
7. How does malware usually enter a device?
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Through the download of free games, unauthorized software, or fake apps.
8. What is cyberbullying?
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Harassing, insulting, or intimidating someone online — creating mental pressure through comments or private messages on social media or gaming platforms.
9. List the four categories of cyberbullying effects.
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Psychological, Physical, Mental, and Emotional effects.
10. What are the psychological effects of cyberbullying?
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Low self-esteem, isolation and withdrawal, and harmful habits.
11. What are the mental effects of cyberbullying?
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Anxiety, loss of concentration, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts.
12. What is data leakage?
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When a cyber attack on a website or online service exposes your account information such as email and password.
13. Why is password reuse dangerous?
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If you use the same password everywhere, a hack on just one platform could allow a hacker to take control of all your other accounts.
14. Name any four causes of data leaks.
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Human error, insider threats, weak passwords, malware attacks, third-party access, phishing attempts, inadequate encryption, unprotected networks (any four).
15. What is cybersecurity?
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The collective set of technologies, processes, and control methods used to protect computer systems, networks, devices, and programs from cyber threats.
16. What are the three core objectives of cybersecurity?
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Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
17. What does confidentiality ensure?
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That only authorized individuals can access sensitive information — using strong passwords and encryption.
18. What does integrity ensure?
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That data is accurate and reliable and that no unauthorized person has altered it — using data verification methods.
19. What does availability ensure?
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That authorized users can access systems and data whenever needed — using regular backups and system maintenance.
20. Name three technologies cybersecurity uses to tackle threats.
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Firewalls, antivirus software, and data encryption.
21. Who generally orchestrates cyber threats?
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Hackers, criminal gangs, or adversary nations.
22. Which cybersecurity objective does ransomware attack?
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Availability — your files exist but you cannot reach them.
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