Forest and Wildlife Resources · Class 10 Geography: 225 MCQs with answers

Q1. What does the chapter identify as the immediate background against which conservation became essential?

Q2. Which of the following pairs of words comes closest to the chapter's phrase for what living things do to air, water and soil?

Q3. Which of the following correctly completes the sentence? Conservation preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for ______.

Q4. In which year was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?

Q5. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?

Q6. Why does the chapter describe forests as playing a key role in the ecological system?

Q7. A quiz card reads 'three types of crocodiles'. Which set completes it correctly?

Q8. Two years in this chapter are one apart and are constantly confused. Which pairing is correct?

Q9. How many plant species were on the list when plants were first added?

Q10. Which of the following is the odd one out?

Q11. What did the book ask students to collect and mark on a map in this section?

Q12. When was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented, and what accompanied it?

Q13. State the three actions that formed the thrust of the wildlife protection programme.

Q14. In which state would you look for Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary?

Q15. In which year did the authorities realise how far the tiger population had fallen?

Q16. What did the authorities discover about the tiger population in 1973?

Q17. List the major threats to the tiger population named in the chapter.

Q18. Name three tiger reserves of India along with their states.

Q19. Which two purposes are permanent forest estates maintained for?

Q20. Which state appears in this topic for having the largest area under permanent forests?

Q21. Which fraction correctly completes the sentence? Almost ______ of the total forest area is protected forest.

Q22. A question asks for the category that is 'protected from any further depletion'. Which is it?

Q23. A state reports that most of its forest lies in the category the chapter calls most valuable for conservation. Which category is this?

Q24. Name the three categories into which India's forest and wildlife resources are classified.

Q25. What are unclassed forests?

Q26. In which year and in which state did joint forest management come into formal existence?

Q27. Which of the following is NOT one of the three conditions the chapter sets for economic or developmental activities?

Q28. A farmer is advised to abandon an old local variety of rice because a new variety yields more. Which line from the chapter argues for keeping some of the old variety?

Q29. Consider the following statements about the chapter's account of stress on India's flora and fauna. 1. The stress is described as recent. 2. The cause named is mainly insensitivity to our environment. 3. The chapter reports a rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q30. A coastal district reports that its fish catch has fallen every year for a decade although the number of boats has not changed. Which dependence named in the chapter does this point to?

Q31. A survey team says it has catalogued every species in an Indian district. Why would the chapter treat that claim with caution?

Q32. Which of the following is the odd one out among the reasons the chapter gives for conserving forests and wildlife?

Q33. Arrange these in the order the chapter presents them. 1. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act is implemented. 2. Conservationists demand a national wildlife protection programme. 3. Wildlife population and forestry decline rapidly.

Q34. Which pairing of a term with its meaning is incorrect?

Q35. Consider the following statements about the definition of biodiversity. 1. It includes cultivated species. 2. It describes the species as diverse in form and function. 3. It requires the species to be closely integrated in a system. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q36. A government department wants one sentence on why protecting forests protects drinking water. Which of the chapter's ideas fits best?

Q37. Which of these would the chapter NOT accept as a reason for conserving forests and wildlife?

Q38. Why does the chapter's opening sentence run from micro-organisms and bacteria to blue whales?

Q39. A student answers 'Why is biodiversity important for human lives?' by writing only that it keeps animals alive. Which element is most clearly missing?

Q40. Consider the following statements. 1. Forests are described as primary producers. 2. All other living beings are said to depend on them. 3. This is given as the reason forests play a key role in the ecological system. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q41. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The chapter says we are constantly and consciously aware of the flora and fauna around us. Reason (R): They are so well integrated in our daily life that their presence goes unnoticed.

Q42. A question asks for the reasons conservation is needed. Which answer would earn the fewest marks?

Q43. Give two reasons, other than saving wild species, for conserving forests and wildlife.

Q44. What does the chapter say about how much of India's biological diversity is known, and why does it matter?

Q45. Trace the sequence from public concern to law in this chapter.

Q46. Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife? Explain with reference to the reasons given in the chapter.

Q47. Skins of a protected animal continue to be sold openly although hunting it carries a heavy penalty. Which of the three actions is failing?

Q48. Consider the following statements about the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. 1. It was implemented in 1972. 2. It carried various provisions for protecting habitats. 3. A protected-species list covering the whole country was published. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q49. A student writes that after 1972 the government protected wildlife only by declaring the animals themselves protected. What has the student left out?

Q50. Which of these was NOT among the animals for which the central government announced specific projects?

Q51. A poster claims that plants have been protected under the Wildlife Act since it began. Correct the claim.

Q52. Arrange these in the order they occurred. 1. Plants are added to the protected list. 2. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act is implemented. 3. Butterflies, moths and beetles are added by notification.

Q53. Consider the following statements about the widening of the protected list. 1. Insects entered under the notifications of 1980 and 1986. 2. Exactly one dragonfly was among them. 3. Plants entered in 1991 with six species. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q54. Which of the following correctly pairs a species with the local name the chapter gives it?

Q55. A conservation body in the 1970s could get an animal protected but had no way to get a beetle protected. What changed this?

Q56. A museum wants to display the sequence of legal protection as a single line. Which order is correct?

Q57. Which statement most accurately describes who established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries?

Q58. An examiner asks for the 'thrust of the programme'. Which answer is complete?

Q59. A wildlife board must choose between a project for one gravely threatened species and a broader biodiversity programme. Which direction does the chapter say conservation has taken?

Q60. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Q61. Which of these describes the relationship between the 1972 Act and the animal projects?

Q62. An answer lists the Indian elephant, black buck, great Indian bustard and snow leopard. What do these four have in common in the chapter?

Q63. Why was it necessary to protect habitats as well as ban hunting?

Q64. Name the animals for which the central government announced specific projects, and say what they had in common.

Q65. How did the list of protected species widen after 1972?

Q66. Describe the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 and the measures taken under it to protect wildlife.

Q67. A student writes that by 1973 the tiger population had risen to 55,000. What has gone wrong?

Q68. Consider the following statements about Project Tiger. 1. It was launched in 1973. 2. It is described as one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world. 3. It was viewed as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q69. Which pairing of reserve and state is incorrect?

Q70. Farmland and settlements expand year after year around a reserve until its forest is a fraction of its former size. Which two of the named threats are at work together?

Q71. Arrange these in the order the chapter gives them. 1. Project Tiger is launched. 2. The tiger population is found to have dwindled to 1,827. 3. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act is implemented.

Q72. Which of these would the chapter NOT count among the major threats to the tiger?

Q73. Which of these best describes what a 'biotype of sizeable magnitude' is?

Q74. A quiz claims that all six reserves named in the chapter are called Tiger Reserves. What is wrong with this?

Q75. Which reserve lies in a delta in the east of the country?

Q76. A committee wants a single figure to show how severe the tiger's decline had been. Which comparison does the chapter supply?

Q77. Consider the following statements about the tiger trade. 1. Tiger skins were traded. 2. Tiger bones were used in traditional medicines. 3. The demand was especially strong in Asian countries. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q78. Which pairing correctly matches a reserve to the region of India it lies in?

Q79. A student lists the threats as poaching, habitat loss and prey depletion. Which one is missing?

Q80. A magazine calls Project Tiger 'a campaign that quietly protected whole landscapes'. Which phrase from the chapter supports this?

Q81. Two reserves lie at almost opposite ends of the country. Which pair is it?

Q82. Which sentence would be the strongest opening to a five-mark answer on Project Tiger?

Q83. Why is depletion of prey base species listed as a threat separate from poaching?

Q84. Why did India and Nepal become prime targets for poaching and illegal trading?

Q85. Describe Project Tiger — the situation that led to it, its aims and the reserves set up under it.

Q86. A Forest Department declares that no further clearing will be permitted in a tract, though existing use may continue. Which category does this match?

Q87. A planner adds reserved, protected and unclassed forests together and labels the total 'permanent forest estates'. What is the error?

Q88. Consider the following statements about the categories of forest. 1. Reserved forests are more than half of the total forest land. 2. Protected forests are almost one-third of the total forest area. 3. The chapter gives a share for unclassed forests as well. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q89. Which state list belongs with large percentages of reserved forests?

Q90. Which pairing of category and description is incorrect?

Q91. Consider the following statements about permanent forest estates. 1. They consist of reserved and protected forests. 2. They are maintained for producing timber and other forest produce. 3. They are also maintained for protective reasons. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q92. Which state list belongs with the bulk of forest under protected forests?

Q93. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of unclassed forests?

Q94. A tract is described as maintained for producing timber and for protective reasons. Which categories could it belong to?

Q95. Arrange these from the strongest to the weakest form of protection as the chapter describes them. 1. Unclassed forests. 2. Reserved forests. 3. Protected forests.

Q96. A trainee is told to remember that the strictest category is also the largest. Is this correct according to the chapter?

Q97. Which pairing correctly matches a state with the category that dominates its forests?

Q98. A student asks what happens to a forest that is neither reserved nor protected. What does the chapter say?

Q99. Which of the following correctly states what the Forest Department does in this classification?

Q100. Distinguish between reserved forests and protected forests.

Q101. What are permanent forest estates, and what are they maintained for?

Q102. State the distribution of the three categories across Indian states.

Q103. Describe the classification of forest and wildlife resources in India, with the share, description and distribution of each category.

Q104. What are permanent forest estates? Explain their purpose and distribution, and why unclassed forests fall outside them.

Q105. Which of the following conservation strategies does NOT directly involve community participation?

Q106. A mining lease is proposed inside a protected area and villagers oppose it by quoting a national law at the hearing. Which case from the chapter does this reproduce?

Q107. Consider the following statements about the Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'. 1. It was declared by the inhabitants of five villages. 2. It lies in the Alwar district of Rajasthan. 3. It covers 1,200 hectares of forest. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q108. A patch of forest beside a village has never been cut, and villagers say interference with it is simply not permitted. No law covers it. What is it?

Q109. Which pairing of community and worshipped tree is correct?

Q110. A visitor notices monkeys being fed daily at a temple and treated as belonging there. Which idea from the chapter does this illustrate?

Q111. Consider the following statements about joint forest management. 1. It involves local village institutions undertaking protection activities. 2. The work is mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. 3. Members receive a share in the timber harvested by successful protection. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q112. Which of these best describes what the Bishnoi villages of Rajasthan show?

Q113. A state wants to restore forest that has already been badly damaged, using the villages nearby. Which existing programme fits?

Q114. A city removes a large green belt and finds within a few years that its air is measurably worse. Which idea from the opening of the chapter does this illustrate?

Q115. A botanical garden keeps two hundred species, each in a separate bed, watered and fed by staff. A student calls this biodiversity. Why is the student wrong?

Q116. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Damage to forests is felt by animals that never enter a forest. Reason (R): India is one of the world's richest countries in biological diversity.

Q117. Which statement best explains why the chapter describes human beings as only a part of the ecological system?

Q118. A student argues that conservation is a luxury a poorer country cannot afford, because it only benefits wild animals. Which part of the chapter answers this directly?

Q119. Two districts lose the same number of species. In district A they were species nobody had recorded; in district B they were well studied. Why does the chapter's point about undiscovered species make district A's loss harder to answer?

Q120. Repeated use of chemicals on a field leaves the soil dead and unable to grow much. Which statement from the opening of the chapter explains what has been destroyed?

Q121. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The chapter treats cultivated species as part of biodiversity. Reason (R): Agriculture is still dependent on traditional crop varieties, which hold genetic diversity.

Q122. A breeder needs to develop a crop that resists a new disease and finds that only old village varieties still carry any resistance. Which reason for conservation does this case prove?

Q123. Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between the demand of the 1960s and 1970s and the 1972 Act?

Q124. A committee proposes protecting only species that are beautiful or popular with visitors. Which idea in the chapter is this proposal in conflict with?

Q125. A district officer says the local forest is worth protecting only for its timber value. Which two reasons from the chapter would you cite against this narrow view?

Q126. Two statements are made about conservation. First, it preserves ecological diversity. Second, it preserves genetic diversity. What is the difference between them?

Q127. Which single sentence from the chapter best supports the claim that conservation is a matter of self-interest, not charity?

Q128. The chapter invites students to find stories from their own region about people and nature living in harmony. What does this invitation anticipate later in the chapter?

Q129. A state argues that it need not conserve wildlife because its economy rests on farming and fishing, not on forests. How does the chapter undercut this argument?

Q130. Which of these best captures why the chapter calls the ecological system a 'web' rather than a 'chain'?

Q131. Explain the difference between ecological diversity and genetic diversity as the chapter uses them.

Q132. 'Human beings are only a part of the ecological system, not its master.' Discuss this statement using the chapter's opening argument.

Q133. Explain the meaning of biodiversity and show why the phrase 'multiple network of interdependencies' is essential to the definition.

Q134. A state bans hunting of a rare deer but permits a highway to be cut through the last valley where it breeds. Which part of the 1972 programme has been ignored?

Q135. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The programme under the 1972 Act combined three actions rather than relying on one. Reason (R): A species can be lost through direct killing, through loss of habitat, or through a trade that pays for its parts.

Q136. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Adding one dragonfly to the protected list is a more significant act than its size suggests. Reason (R): Conservation work has shifted its attention to biodiversity as a whole instead of a handful of its parts.

Q137. Which statement best explains why a protected species list works differently from a national park?

Q138. An official says the snow leopard is now fully protected everywhere in India. Which phrase in the chapter makes this claim unsafe?

Q139. A forest officer must justify spending on fencing a breeding wetland rather than on more patrols against poachers. Which element of the 1972 programme supports the spending?

Q140. A district proposes to protect its rare orchids by having them declared protected species. Before 1991, why would this not have been possible?

Q141. Which of these best captures what the word 'remaining' is doing in the phrase 'keeping alive what was left of certain endangered species'?

Q142. Which of the following would the chapter treat as evidence that conservation had moved beyond a few components of biodiversity?

Q143. A campaign argues that protecting habitats alone would have been enough in 1972. Which fact from the next section of the chapter undercuts this?

Q144. A tourist brochure says the Act protects only large mammals. Which single fact is the shortest reply?

Q145. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The chapter treats the 1972 programme as a response rather than a precaution. Reason (R): It was framed before any decline had set in, as a precaution against one.

Q146. Why does the chapter mention that even insects are 'beginning to find a place in conservation planning'?

Q147. A student asks why the Act needed a list at all when hunting was already banned. What is the best answer?

Q148. Which reading of the 1980, 1986 and 1991 additions fits the chapter best?

Q149. What change in the focus of conservation projects does the chapter describe, and what evidence does it give?

Q150. 'The three actions of the 1972 programme had to be taken together.' Explain why, with examples from the chapter.

Q151. Trace how legal protection widened from 1972 to 1991, and explain what this shows about the aim of conservation.

Q152. A reserve reports no poaching for five years, yet its tiger numbers keep falling and its deer have almost vanished. Which of the named threats fits best?

Q153. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): India and Nepal became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading. Reason (R): Between them the two countries hold only a small fraction of the tigers left alive.

Q154. A minister argues that stopping hunting inside reserves is enough to save the tiger. Which fact from the chapter most directly weakens the argument?

Q155. A conservation body must choose one flagship species for a campaign to protect a large forest block. Why does the chapter's account make a tiger a sound choice?

Q156. Which statement best explains why the chapter calls the tiger a key wildlife species in the faunal web?

Q157. A poster reads 'Project Tiger: saving one endangered species'. What does it leave out?

Q158. A country with very few wild tigers left reports almost no poaching, while a country with many reports a great deal. Which idea from the chapter explains the pattern?

Q159. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Stopping poaching completely is enough to guarantee the tiger's survival in a forest. Reason (R): Depletion of prey base species is a separate threat from poaching.

Q160. Which of the four threats does 'restricting trade in wildlife' from the 1972 programme most directly answer?

Q161. A forest department finds that a reserve is too small to hold a breeding tiger population. Which aim of Project Tiger does this failure threaten most?

Q162. Why does the chapter's account make the tiger's decline an argument about forests rather than about one animal?

Q163. An argument runs: 'The tiger was saved by publicity alone.' Which detail from the chapter does this misuse?

Q164. A state wants to reduce pressure on a reserve without touching hunting laws. Which of the four threats could it address?

Q165. A guidebook lists four protected areas of India. Which one is NOT among the tiger reserves this chapter names?

Q166. An examiner asks why the tiger's fall alarmed conservationists more than the fall of a less prominent animal would have. Which answer fits the chapter?

Q167. Which of these best explains why the chapter names the products traded rather than saying only that poaching occurred?

Q168. Why does the chapter's figure for India and Nepal make international cooperation necessary?

Q169. A district plans to restore its tiger population by releasing tigers into a forest where the deer have been hunted out. What does the chapter suggest will happen?

Q170. What was the aim of tiger conservation beyond saving an endangered species?

Q171. 'The four threats to the tiger work in four different ways.' Explain each, and show how the 1972 programme was designed against them.

Q172. Why was Project Tiger valued as more than an effort to save one species? Explain with reference to the chapter.

Q173. A state proposes to hand a stretch of forest to a village council to own and manage. Under which of the three categories would it then fall?

Q174. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The chapter treats reserved forests as the strongest form of forest protection in India. Reason (R): They count for most where the conservation of forest and wildlife resources is concerned.

Q175. A newspaper reports that Madhya Pradesh contains three-quarters of India's forests. Correct the claim using the chapter.

Q176. A researcher wants to study forests that are looked after without a Forest Department. Which part of India does the chapter point her towards?

Q177. The chapter calls forests rather difficult to manage, control and regulate but does not say why. Which of these is the most reasonable reason?

Q178. A student argues that since government owns India's forests, community management cannot be significant. Which fact from this topic refutes the argument?

Q179. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Protected forests represent a weaker commitment than reserved forests. Reason (R): They are described as fully protected against every kind of use.

Q180. A district's forest is held partly by the revenue department and partly by three villages, and includes scrub that no department has surveyed. Which category fits it best?

Q181. Why would an examiner regard 'protected forests are fully protected' as an incomplete answer?

Q182. A committee wants one sentence explaining why the classification of forests exists at all. Which fits the chapter best?

Q183. Two states are compared. One holds most of its forest as reserved forest and the other as unclassed forest. What differs most between them?

Q184. Why does the chapter's distribution of unclassed forests matter for the topic that follows it?

Q185. Which statement best captures why the word 'wastelands' in the definition of unclassed forests is worth noticing?

Q186. Which of these would be the best evidence against a claim that India's forests are entirely a government concern?

Q187. Why can the exercise match on this topic be answered from three phrases alone?

Q188. A forest is producing timber for a state while also shielding a valley from erosion. Which idea from this topic does it illustrate?

Q189. An atlas caption says the North-eastern states have almost no forest protection. How would you correct it from this topic?

Q190. Why is the figure of 75 per cent for Madhya Pradesh easily misread?

Q191. 'The three categories differ in strength of protection and in who holds the land.' Explain this with reference to the chapter.

Q192. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Communities in some areas conserve habitats alongside government officials. Reason (R): They recognise that only this will secure their own long-term livelihood.

Q193. A student writes that the Chipko movement's achievement was stopping trees from being felled. What has been left out?

Q194. A village institution guards a damaged forest for years and is allowed to collect fruit and honey meanwhile. Which arrangement does this describe?

Q195. Which statement best explains why JFM benefits are described as intermediary?

Q196. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The chapter treats the Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri' as a different kind of case from Sariska. Reason (R): At Sariska the villagers drew up their own rules, while the Sonchuri community used a government law.

Q197. A proposal promises jobs and profits but would flood a forest that four villages depend on. How does the chapter's closing test judge it?

Q198. Which of the following would the chapter count as evidence that ecological farming is practical rather than merely desirable?

Q199. Why does the chapter refuse to treat community involvement as an achievement already completed?

Q200. An official argues that forests can only be protected by government staff. Which case from this topic contradicts him most directly?