Manufacturing Industries · Class 10 Geography: 225 MCQs with answers

Q1. A mill takes in sugarcane and sends out sacks of sugar in large quantities. Which term from the chapter best describes this activity?

Q2. Workers in steel factories, car plants, breweries and bakeries all belong to which sector, according to the chapter?

Q3. A factory making PVC pipes sells most of its output to farmers for irrigation. What does this example illustrate?

Q4. Which set lists only agro-based industries?

Q5. Which set lists only mineral-based industries?

Q6. Which of the following is a consumer industry rather than a basic industry?

Q7. Which pair of industries does the chapter give as examples of the public sector?

Q8. A shipyard uses huge steel plates and produces vessels weighing thousands of tonnes. On the basis of bulk and weight, which type of industry is it?

Q9. In Harish's Diwali market, which item did his father say is made by individual artisans in household industry?

Q10. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Iron and steel is a basic industry. Reason (R): Iron and steel is also classified as a heavy industry on the basis of bulk and weight.

Q11. A farmer's son takes a job in a tractor factory and the family no longer depends only on the harvest. Which benefit of manufacturing does this show?

Q12. Which statement about the sugar industry in Maharashtra is supported by this part of the chapter?

Q13. Which of these is NOT one of the bases of classifying industries described in the chapter?

Q14. What does the chapter say is the measure of a country's economic strength?

Q15. What is manufacturing?

Q16. What are basic industries? Give an example.

Q17. A shirt passes from cotton field to shop. In which order does the textile value chain take it through spinning, fibre production, garment manufacture and weaving?

Q18. A history quiz asks for the city and year of India's first successful textile mill. What is the correct answer?

Q19. Where and when was India's first jute mill set up?

Q20. Which statement about India and sugar is correct?

Q21. Which two states together hold sixty per cent of India's sugar mills?

Q22. Which prescribed cotton textile centre lies in Madhya Pradesh?

Q23. Which of these industries does the chapter describe as having close links with agriculture, giving a living to cotton boll pluckers and ginning workers?

Q24. Which of these is NOT a factor the chapter gives for locating jute mills in the Hugli basin?

Q25. Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?

Q26. What factors led to the early concentration of the cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat?

Q27. Why are sugar mills shifting to the southern and western states?

Q28. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Iron and steel is a heavy industry. Reason (R): All its raw materials and its finished goods are both heavy and bulky, which means heavy transport costs.

Q29. Which raw material is used in the largest quantity in steel making?

Q30. Molten material from the blast furnace is poured into moulds. What are the moulds and their product called?

Q31. Which set of processes belongs to the final shaping stage of steel manufacture?

Q32. Which region of India has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?

Q33. Which of these is NOT listed in the chapter as a use of steel?

Q34. Which prescribed steel plant lies in Karnataka?

Q35. A student asked to name a mineral-based industry names jute textiles. What is the correction?

Q36. Why is the iron and steel industry called the basic industry?

Q37. Why is iron and steel a heavy industry? Name its raw materials.

Q38. Why does the Chhotanagpur plateau have the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?

Q39. Name the six prescribed iron and steel plants with their states.

Q40. Bauxite is the raw material for which of these industries?

Q41. An aircraft maker wants a metal that is light, resists corrosion and becomes strong when mixed with other metals. Which industry supplies it?

Q42. Which event does the chapter link to the fertiliser industry expanding across the country?

Q43. A builder is planning bridges, dams and an airport. Which industry's product is essential to all three?

Q44. Which set lists the bulky raw materials of the cement industry?

Q45. Where and when was India's first cement plant set up?

Q46. A student lists Hyderabad as India's electronic capital. What is the correction?

Q47. Which of these is NOT a use of aluminium named in the chapter?

Q48. What are the requirements of the cement industry?

Q49. How did liberalisation affect the automobile industry?

Q50. A town has a paper mill, a refinery, a brick kiln and a noisy stone-cutting yard. Which set of pollution types does the chapter say industries can cause?

Q51. An air-quality monitor near a factory detects high levels of two gases the chapter names as causes of air pollution. Which pair is it most likely to be?

Q52. Which set of sources does the chapter name for industrial smoke?

Q53. A brick kiln owner wants to cut the smoke from his furnaces without closing down. What fuel change does the chapter suggest?

Q54. Two countries export the same quantity of raw cotton, but one also turns cotton into shirts and sells them abroad. Which idea from the chapter explains why the second is likely to be more prosperous?

Q55. Why does the chapter call industrial development a precondition for eradicating unemployment and poverty?

Q56. A government sets up a public sector factory in a tribal district far from any city. Which aim of industrial policy described in the chapter does this serve?

Q57. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Agriculture and industry move hand in hand in India. Reason (R): Agro-industries depend on farms for raw materials and sell farmers pumps, fertilisers and pesticides.

Q58. An Indian toy maker sells well at home but loses export orders to foreign rivals with better finish. What lesson does the chapter draw for such a firm?

Q59. A steel plant sells its sheets to car factories, which turn them into vehicles. Which type of industry, by main role, is the steel plant?

Q60. An entrepreneur asks whether her unit counts as small scale. What does the chapter say decides the answer?

Q61. A company is owned partly by the government and partly by private shareholders who run it together. Under which sector would the chapter place it?

Q62. Cane farmers in a Maharashtra village pool their money, run a sugar mill together and share its profits and losses. What kind of industry is this?

Q63. Consider the following statements about ownership. 1. TISCO and Dabur are private sector industries. 2. Oil India Ltd is a joint sector industry. 3. The coir industry of Kerala is a public sector industry. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q64. A factory makes fuse wires and electric bulbs from light raw materials. On the basis of bulk and weight, how would it be classified?

Q65. Which set of products, from the chapter's sorting activity, would all come from heavy industries?

Q66. Which of the following products is itself an industrial product that becomes the raw material for another industry, as the chapter notes?

Q67. Which of the following correctly matches an industry with its sector of ownership?

Q68. An electrical goods factory and an iron and steel plant differ in which basis of classification most obviously?

Q69. Consider the following statements. 1. Manufacturing industries fall in the secondary sector. 2. Agro-industries have raised the productivity of agriculture. 3. Manufacturing increases people's dependence on agricultural income. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q70. Which industry would the chapter classify as both mineral based and basic?

Q71. Why is the manufacturing sector considered the backbone of development?

Q72. How are agriculture and industry linked?

Q73. Distinguish between public, private, joint and cooperative sector industries, with an example of each.

Q74. Distinguish between heavy and light industries, and between basic and consumer industries.

Q75. Explain the importance of manufacturing industries for India's development.

Q76. Classify industries on the basis of raw materials, main role, capital investment, ownership, and bulk and weight, giving examples.

Q77. Why does the chapter say the textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy?

Q78. Which development first brought machines into Indian cotton weaving, according to the chapter?

Q79. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): India's traditional cotton industries suffered a setback in the colonial period. Reason (R): Indian handspun and handwoven cloth had a worldwide market for its fineness.

Q80. Why did the cotton textile industry first concentrate in the cotton-growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat?

Q81. The two World Wars were fought in Europe while India was a British colony. How did they affect India's cotton textile industry?

Q82. Consider the following statements about cotton textiles. 1. Spinning is centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. 2. Weaving is highly decentralised. 3. Indian weaving uses all of the high quality yarn produced in the country. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q83. India spins world-class yarn, yet much of its woven fabric is of low quality. What reason does the chapter give?

Q84. Why is weaving kept highly decentralised rather than concentrated in large mills?

Q85. A dye maker, a packaging firm and an engineering workshop all grow in a textile town. Which idea from the chapter explains this?

Q86. Which statement correctly describes India's position in the jute industry?

Q87. After Partition in 1947, India's jute mills faced a raw material problem. What had happened?

Q88. Consider the following factors. 1. Nearness to jute-producing areas 2. Abundant water for processing raw jute 3. A cold, dry climate Which of these does the chapter give for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin?

Q89. What does Kolkata contribute to the jute industry of the Hugli basin, according to the chapter?

Q90. A jute mill owner in the Hugli basin says he can hire workers cheaply. From which states does the chapter say this labour comes?

Q91. A farmer's cane waits three days on a truck before reaching the mill. What does the chapter say happens to it?

Q92. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The sugar industry is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. Reason (R): The sugar industry runs steadily through all twelve months of the year.

Q93. Sugar mills are shifting to Maharashtra and other southern and western states. Which set of reasons does the chapter give?

Q94. How does a cooler climate help sugar mills in the southern and western states?

Q95. An outline map asks you to locate and label the prescribed cotton textile centre in Tamil Nadu. Which city should you mark?

Q96. A student must mark the prescribed cotton textile centre on the Ganga plain in Uttar Pradesh. Which city should she choose?

Q97. Which pair of prescribed cotton textile centres lies on or near the west coast?

Q98. Which set correctly pairs the prescribed cotton centres with their states?

Q99. A world trade report ranks countries for sugar and for the traditional sweeteners gur and khandsari. Which pair of rankings for India matches the chapter?

Q100. A weaver in a village produces zari and embroidered cloth on a handloom. Which feature of the cotton industry does her work reflect?

Q101. Why is spinning centralised but weaving decentralised in India?

Q102. Give the factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin.

Q103. Why is the sugar industry ideally suited to the cooperative sector?

Q104. Describe the cotton textile industry of India — its history, location and structure.

Q105. Describe the jute textile industry of India, and explain why it is concentrated in the Hugli basin.

Q106. A factory that makes fans, one that makes trucks and one that makes cranes all buy machinery made of steel. Which description of the iron and steel industry does this illustrate?

Q107. Why is the production and consumption of steel often regarded as an index of a country's development?

Q108. A steel maker finds its product too soft for a customer's order. Which mineral does the chapter say is added in small quantities to harden steel?

Q109. Consider the following statements about the blast furnace stage. 1. Iron ore is melted. 2. Slag is removed. 3. Nickel and chromium are added. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q110. A worker explains that at his stage pig iron is melted again, impurities are oxidised and chromium is added. Which stage of the chapter's flow chart is he in?

Q111. What is the correct order of stages in making steel?

Q112. Which set of advantages does the chapter give for the concentration of steel plants on the Chhotanagpur plateau?

Q113. An outline map asks you to locate and label the steel plant in Chhattisgarh. Which prescribed plant should you mark?

Q114. Which two prescribed iron and steel plants are in Jharkhand?

Q115. A student marks the prescribed steel plant in West Bengal. Which one should it be?

Q116. Which pair of prescribed steel plants lies in South India?

Q117. One steel plant stands beside coal and iron ore deposits in Jharkhand; another must bring both by rail from hundreds of kilometres away. Which is likely to have lower raw material transport costs, by the chapter's reasoning?

Q118. Which three metals does the chapter say are added when pig iron is turned into steel?

Q119. Consider the following statements. 1. Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are used in the ratio of about 4 : 2 : 1. 2. Manganese is used to harden steel. 3. Limestone is burnt to heat the ore. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q120. Why do steel plants need an efficient transport network even after being placed near raw materials?

Q121. Which statement about slag is correct, according to the chapter's flow chart?

Q122. Describe what happens in the blast furnace.

Q123. What should be considered in deciding where a steel plant is located?

Q124. Describe the process of manufacturing steel.

Q125. Why is the iron and steel industry important, and what factors influence its location?

Q126. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?

Q127. A company plans an aluminium smelter. Which two factors does the chapter call prime for choosing the site?

Q128. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Aluminium has gained popularity in many industries. Reason (R): It is used as a substitute for steel, copper, zinc and lead because it is light, corrosion resistant and malleable.

Q129. Which set lists only states with aluminium smelting plants, according to the chapter?

Q130. A soap factory, a glass factory and a paper mill all buy the same inorganic chemical. Which is it most likely to be?

Q131. A plastics and synthetic rubber factory is being set up. Near which facility would the chapter expect it?

Q132. What does the chapter mean by calling the chemical industry 'its own largest consumer'?

Q133. Consider the following statements about chemicals. 1. Sulphuric acid is used to make fertilisers and synthetic fibres. 2. Inorganic chemical industries are widely spread over the country. 3. Petrochemicals are inorganic chemicals. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q134. Why is potash the one fertiliser nutrient India imports entirely?

Q135. Which set of states produces about half of India's fertilisers?

Q136. A paint maker, an adhesives maker, a fertiliser plant and a synthetic fibre mill all buy the same basic inorganic acid. Which chemical does the chapter link to all these uses?

Q137. Why do cement plants in Gujarat have an advantage in exports?

Q138. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The automobile industry in India declined after liberalisation. Reason (R): New and contemporary models stimulated demand for vehicles.

Q139. Which set lists only centres of the automobile industry named in the chapter?

Q140. A state government wants to create jobs for large numbers of educated young people in its cities. Why would promoting the IT and electronics industry suit this aim, according to the chapter?

Q141. An outline map asks you to locate and label the software technology park in Kerala. Which city should you mark?

Q142. Which prescribed software technology park lies in Gujarat?

Q143. Which pair of prescribed software technology parks lies in Maharashtra?

Q144. Which set correctly pairs software technology parks with their states?

Q145. Why is aluminium important, and what are the prime factors for locating aluminium smelters?

Q146. Distinguish between inorganic and organic chemicals.

Q147. Describe the fertiliser industry of India.

Q148. Describe the information technology and electronics industry of India.

Q149. Describe the aluminium smelting industry of India.

Q150. Describe the chemical and fertiliser industries of India.

Q151. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Thermal power plants are among the polluting industries. Reason (R): Thermal plants draw their water from rivers and return it once it has cooled fully.

Q152. Why does the chapter mention the Bhopal gas tragedy?

Q153. A river below an industrial town is coloured, foamy and carries traces of lead and mercury. Which group of industries does the chapter name as the main culprits?

Q154. Which set names the major solid wastes of Indian industry?

Q155. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Soil and water pollution are closely related. Reason (R): Industrial effluents and solid wastes are among the chief polluters of soil.

Q156. Consider the following statements. 1. Wastes from nuclear facilities can cause cancers and birth defects. 2. Dumping of glass, packaging and salts can render soil useless. 3. Noise pollution has no physiological effects. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q157. Workers at a construction site near pneumatic drills report headaches, stress and trouble hearing. Which effects of noise pollution named in the chapter are they showing?

Q158. A factory discharges 1,000 litres of untreated waste water into a lake. By the chapter's estimate, how much fresh water could it pollute?

Q159. A textile unit uses the same water for washing fibres, then for cooling machines, then for cleaning floors. Which pollution-control step is it following?

Q160. A factory collects rain from its roofs to run its boilers instead of pumping ground water. How does this help, according to the chapter?

Q161. At a treatment plant, effluent is screened, ground, flocculated and allowed to settle. Which phase of treatment is this?

Q162. Which phase of effluent treatment uses biological, chemical and physical processes and involves recycling waste water?

Q163. Consider the following statements about treating industrial effluents. 1. Primary treatment is mechanical. 2. Secondary treatment is a biological process. 3. Tertiary treatment uses only mechanical screening. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q164. A factory's smoke stack releases heavy dust. Which set of devices does the chapter suggest fitting to it?

Q165. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The investment limit for small scale industries has always been fixed at one crore rupees. Reason (R): A small scale industry is defined by the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit.

Q166. What is the key difference between a joint sector and a cooperative sector industry?

Q167. A cotton textile mill uses farm cotton, sells cloth directly to shoppers, and is owned by a private company. Which set of labels fits it?

Q168. Which statement best explains why the chapter calls the manufacturing sector the backbone of economic development?

Q169. Why would a country that exports only raw materials earn less foreign exchange than one that exports manufactured goods made from them?

Q170. 'Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other.' Explain, and say why Indian industry must also look beyond self-sufficiency.

Q171. A student asks why Mahatma Gandhi laid emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi. Which answer draws best on the chapter?

Q172. Why might keeping mill-sector loomage lower than powerloom and handloom be important for India?

Q173. Why would a cotton mill in Mumbai in the 19th century have had an advantage for exporting cloth?

Q174. Which statement best compares the jute and sugar industries' dependence on their raw material?

Q175. 'Agro-based industries stay close to their fields.' Examine this statement with reference to the sugar and jute industries.

Q176. A plant manager orders 400 tonnes of iron ore for a batch. Roughly how much coking coal and limestone should she order, using the chapter's ratio?

Q177. A blast furnace runs short of limestone but still has plenty of coke and iron ore. Which job in the furnace would suffer, according to the chapter's flow chart?

Q178. A furnace crew has iron ore and limestone ready but the coke delivery is late. Which part of the blast furnace process cannot begin, and why?

Q179. A planner must choose a site for a new steel plant. Which two considerations does the chapter ask him to balance?

Q180. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Steel plants tend to be located close to their raw materials. Reason (R): The raw materials of steel are light and cheap to transport over long distances.

Q181. A student lists Rourkela, Vishakhapatnam and Bhadravati among her prescribed steel map items. What is wrong?

Q182. Why does Bokaro appear in two different sections of the Class 10 map list?

Q183. A student confuses the roles of the two materials burnt or added in the blast furnace. Which statement sets it right?

Q184. Why would a steel plant far from both its iron ore and its coal struggle to compete, according to the chapter's reasoning?

Q185. Which statement best explains why the chapter calls iron and steel both 'basic' and 'heavy'?

Q186. A town has cheap labour and a growing market but must bring in iron ore from far away. Compared with the Chhotanagpur plateau, what advantage is it missing?

Q187. Which pair of prescribed steel plants lies closest to the Damodar valley coalfields of West Bengal and Jharkhand?

Q188. 'The Chhotanagpur plateau is the heartland of India's steel industry.' Justify, naming the prescribed plants in and around it and elsewhere.

Q189. A smelter wants to produce 10 tonnes of aluminium. Using the chapter's chain, roughly how much alumina will it need?

Q190. Why would an aluminium smelter be unwise to locate where power cuts are frequent?

Q191. Why are organic chemical plants located near oil refineries, while inorganic chemical plants are widely spread?

Q192. A farmer's fertiliser bag says N-P-K. Which type of fertiliser is it, and which of its nutrients must India import entirely?

Q193. An entrepreneur asks where a cement plant would be economically viable. Which answer best follows the chapter's facts?

Q194. A software firm and a chip-making plant both expand in the same city. Which idea from the chapter explains why both matter?

Q195. A student must mark the only prescribed software technology park in North India. Which city is it?

Q196. Which of these cities appears on the syllabus list both as a cotton textile centre and as a software technology park?

Q197. Which statement best contrasts the location of aluminium smelting with that of the IT industry?

Q198. 'Different industries are pulled to different places.' Explain with reference to aluminium, organic chemicals, cement and IT.

Q199. Fish begin dying just downstream of a power plant, though tests find no chemicals in the water, only that it is unusually warm. What has most likely happened?

Q200. A village well turns unsafe years after a factory began dumping chemical waste and salts on nearby land. Which process from the chapter explains this?