The Rise of Nationalism in Europe · Class 10 History: 225 MCQs with answers

Q1. What do the shattered remains in the foreground of Sorrieu's print represent?

Q2. What was the first clear expression of nationalism, according to the chapter?

Q3. After the French Revolution, who was to constitute the nation and shape its destiny?

Q4. What mission did the French revolutionaries claim for their nation?

Q5. Who set up Jacobin clubs in European cities after news of the French Revolution spread?

Q6. In which of these places were French armies initially welcomed as harbingers of liberty?

Q7. Which of the following best describes what the nineteenth century saw in Europe, according to the chapter?

Q8. Which of these was introduced by the French revolutionaries to replace the royal standard?

Q9. Which of these countries was already a nation-state by 1848, according to Sorrieu's print?

Q10. Which term best describes a government that is centralised, militarised and repressive, with no limits on its power?

Q11. How did the French revolutionaries set about giving the French people a sense of belonging to one another?

Q12. What did Napoleon change in the lands he ruled to make their administration work better?

Q13. In the Habsburg Empire, which group spoke Magyar?

Q14. Which new social groups emerged in the wake of industrialisation in Western and parts of Central Europe?

Q15. Which of these did liberalism stand for politically in the early nineteenth century?

Q16. Which statement about the zollverein is correct?

Q17. By how much did the zollverein reduce the number of currencies in the German states?

Q18. What did conservatives after 1815 believe should be preserved?

Q19. Which four powers met at Vienna in 1815 to draw up a settlement for Europe?

Q20. Which territory did Russia receive under the Treaty of Vienna?

Q21. What was the main intention of the Congress of Vienna?

Q22. Which secret society did Mazzini join as a young man in Italy?

Q23. What did liberal nationalism stand for in the early nineteenth century?

Q24. Write a note on Giuseppe Mazzini.

Q25. Which constitutional arrangement did the liberal revolutionaries set up in France after overthrowing the Bourbons in July 1830?

Q26. Which country broke away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands after the July Revolution of 1830?

Q27. Which treaty recognised Greece as an independent nation, and in which year?

Q28. According to Herder, where was true German culture to be discovered?

Q29. What did the Grimm brothers see as the threat to German culture that their folktales opposed?

Q30. Which great powers had partitioned Poland at the end of the eighteenth century?

Q31. What was the main cause of the Silesian weavers' revolt in 1845?

Q32. What happened to the Silesian weavers after the contractor returned with the army?

Q33. Which of these was granted by the Republic proclaimed in France in 1848?

Q34. Which of these were demands of the liberal middle classes in 1848?

Q35. How were women treated when the Frankfurt parliament convened?

Q36. What does the term 'feminist' mean in the chapter?

Q37. Where did a large number of German political associations meet in 1848 to vote for an all-German National Assembly?

Q38. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals.

Q39. Write a note on the Greek war of independence.

Q40. Which groups crushed the liberal attempt to unify Germany in 1848?

Q41. Through which means did Bismarck carry out German unification?

Q42. Which three countries did Prussia fight over seven years to complete unification?

Q43. Where was William I proclaimed German Emperor in January 1871?

Q44. Which part of pre-unification Italy was ruled by the Bourbon kings of Spain?

Q45. Before the eighteenth century, how did people in the British Isles primarily identify themselves?

Q46. What happened to Ireland after the failed revolt of Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen in 1798?

Q47. Which statement correctly describes the role of Victor Emmanuel II?

Q48. Briefly trace the process of German unification.

Q49. Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour.

Q50. Why was Italy politically fragmented before unification?

Q51. A student draws India as a woman holding a flag and says she represents no real person. Which term best describes this kind of image?

Q52. During the French Revolution, which attributes identified the figure of Liberty?

Q53. Which pair correctly matches an allegory with its nation?

Q54. Why does Germania wear a crown of oak leaves?

Q55. Which region was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?

Q56. The inhabitants of which region were broadly known as Slavs, according to the chapter?

Q57. Which of these modern countries was part of the Balkan region described in the chapter?

Q58. Why is Frédéric Sorrieu's 1848 print of nations marching past the statue of Liberty described as a 'utopian' vision?

Q59. In Sorrieu's print, the German peoples carry a black, red and gold flag even though Germany was not united in 1848. What does the flag express?

Q60. Which statement best distinguishes a nation-state from a modern state as described in the chapter?

Q61. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Ernst Renan did not accept that a nation is formed only by a common language, race or religion. Reason (R): For Renan, a nation is a large-scale solidarity built on a shared past and a common will.

Q62. Which of these was NOT a measure taken by the French revolutionaries to create a collective identity?

Q63. Why did the French revolutionaries abolish internal customs duties and adopt uniform weights and measures?

Q64. A French village in 1795 is told to stop using its local dialect in official business and use Parisian French. What was the purpose of this policy?

Q65. Consider the following statements about the French revolutionaries. 1. They introduced the ideas of la patrie and le citoyen. 2. They composed new hymns and commemorated martyrs in the nation's name. 3. They encouraged each region to keep its own laws. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q66. Which pair shows the key provisions of the Civil Code of 1804?

Q67. A German peasant in 1806 no longer has to pay manorial dues to his lord. Which change in French-ruled territories explains this?

Q68. Why did businessmen and small producers in French-ruled areas welcome uniform laws and a common currency?

Q69. Why did local people in conquered areas turn hostile to French rule?

Q70. Consider the following statements about Napoleon's rule. 1. He simplified administrative divisions. 2. He removed guild restrictions in towns. 3. He granted full political freedom to conquered peoples. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q71. A caricature shows Napoleon as a postman dropping letters named after territories on his way home. What event does it refer to?

Q72. Which sequence correctly shows how nationalism spread from France in the 1790s?

Q73. According to the chapter, how did the common identity in a nation-state come about?

Q74. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The French revolutionaries renamed the Estates General the National Assembly. Reason (R): The French Revolution broke out in 1789.

Q75. What do the Christ, saints and angels in Sorrieu's print symbolise?

Q76. Which aspect of the Napoleonic Code most directly ended the special rights of nobles?

Q77. Why is forced conscription listed among the reasons for hostility to French rule?

Q78. In what way does Sorrieu's print depict a utopian vision?

Q79. Summarise Ernst Renan's idea of a nation. Why did he think nations were important?

Q80. Why did the reaction of local people to French rule change from welcome to hostility?

Q81. Nationalism is said to have been expressed unmistakably for the first time in the French Revolution of 1789. Explain why.

Q82. What is a nation-state? Explain with reference to Sorrieu's print and Renan's essay.

Q83. Why did the peoples of the Habsburg Empire in the eighteenth century not see themselves as one nation?

Q84. Which statement correctly describes the landed aristocracy of eighteenth-century Europe?

Q85. How did landholding in Eastern and Central Europe differ from that in the west?

Q86. Why did ideas of national unity become popular among the educated middle classes?

Q87. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Equality before the law did not mean universal suffrage for nineteenth-century liberals. Reason (R): In revolutionary France the vote was extended to all men and women alike from the outset.

Q88. Under whom did all adult males briefly enjoy suffrage in revolutionary France?

Q89. How did the Napoleonic Code affect the political status of women?

Q90. A merchant in 1833 travels from Hamburg to Nuremberg and pays about 5% duty at each of 11 customs barriers. What does this example show?

Q91. An elle of cloth bought in Frankfurt measured 54.7 cm but in Nuremberg 65.6 cm. Why did this matter to traders?

Q92. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The zollverein strengthened national sentiment among Germans. Reason (R): It linked economic interests with national unification by creating a unified economic territory.

Q93. Why did the Treaty of Vienna set up the Kingdom of the Netherlands and add Genoa to Piedmont?

Q94. Consider the following statements about the Treaty of Vienna. 1. It restored the Bourbon dynasty in France. 2. It gave Austria control of northern Italy. 3. It dissolved the German confederation of 39 states. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q95. A caricature of about 1820 shows a 'Club of Thinkers' whose members wear muzzles, asking 'How long will thinking be allowed to us?' What is it criticising?

Q96. Why did freedom of the press become a major liberal-nationalist demand after 1815?

Q97. Why were many liberal-nationalists driven into secret societies after 1815?

Q98. What did being 'revolutionary' mean in the years after 1815?

Q99. Where did Mazzini found Young Italy and Young Europe?

Q100. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Mazzini wanted Italy to be forged into a single unified republic. Reason (R): He held that Italy should stay a patchwork of small kingdoms, each under its own prince.

Q101. Why did Metternich describe Mazzini as 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order'?

Q102. Consider the following statements about liberalism. 1. It stood for freedom of markets. 2. It stressed the inviolability of private property. 3. It demanded privileges for the clergy. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q103. Which pair of ideas best contrasts liberals and conservatives after 1815?

Q104. A German trader in 1840 no longer pays duties when moving goods between most German states and handles only two currencies. What explains this?

Q105. How did the growth of railways help German nationalism in the nineteenth century?

Q106. Why did women and men without property organise opposition movements in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Q107. Describe the political ends that Friedrich List hoped to achieve through the zollverein.

Q108. Explain the main changes brought about by the Treaty of Vienna, 1815.

Q109. Why did conservative regimes after 1815 impose censorship?

Q110. How was the Habsburg Empire an example of a multi-national dynastic empire?

Q111. Explain how economic changes helped the growth of nationalism in the German regions.

Q112. Describe the new conservative order established in Europe after 1815. How did liberal-nationalists respond?

Q113. Why did Metternich say, 'When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold'?

Q114. Why did the Greek war of independence mobilise nationalist feeling among educated people across Europe?

Q115. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Lord Byron went to fight in the Greek war of independence. Reason (R): Many West Europeans sympathised with ancient Greek culture and supported the Greek struggle.

Q116. How did Romantic artists and poets differ from thinkers of the Enlightenment?

Q117. Delacroix's 'The Massacre at Chios' focused on the suffering of women and children and used vivid colours. What was he trying to do?

Q118. Why did nationalists stress vernacular language and local folklore in the nineteenth century?

Q119. How was national feeling kept alive in Poland after it ceased to exist as an independent territory?

Q120. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Many Polish priests and bishops were jailed or sent to Siberia after 1831. Reason (R): They refused to preach in Russian and used Polish as a weapon of national resistance.

Q121. Consider the following statements about the 1830s in Europe. 1. Population grew enormously and jobs were scarce. 2. Small producers faced competition from cheap English machine-made goods. 3. Food was plentiful and cheap everywhere. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q122. Why did small textile producers on the continent struggle in the 1830s?

Q123. What forced Louis Philippe to flee Paris in 1848?

Q124. What did the 1848 'revolution of the liberals' combine?

Q125. Why did the Frankfurt parliament offer the crown of a united Germany to Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia?

Q126. Consider the following statements about the Frankfurt parliament. 1. It met in the Church of St Paul in 1848. 2. It was dominated by the middle classes. 3. It won the full support of workers and artisans. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q127. Why did the Frankfurt parliament lose the support of workers and artisans?

Q128. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The Frankfurt parliament was forced to disband. Reason (R): The Prussian king rejected the crown and the opposition of the aristocracy and military grew stronger.

Q129. Which reforms were introduced in the Habsburg dominions and Russia after 1848?

Q130. Which pair correctly contrasts the two kinds of revolt in 1848?

Q131. Which of these best shows that culture, not only war, built nationalism in Europe?

Q132. Pick three examples that show what culture contributed to European nationalism.

Q133. Write a note on the Frankfurt parliament.

Q134. Describe the cause of the Silesian weavers' uprising and comment on the journalist's viewpoint.

Q135. What was the role of women in the nationalist struggles of 1848?

Q136. Explain how much language and popular traditions matter in forming a national identity in nineteenth-century Europe.

Q137. Describe the economic hardships in Europe in the 1830s and 1840s and explain how they led to the revolts of 1848.

Q138. How did the character of nationalism in Europe change after 1848?

Q139. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Prussia took on the leadership of German unification after 1848. Reason (R): Otto von Bismarck was Prussia's chief minister and the architect of German unification.

Q140. Which statement about the new German Empire is correct?

Q141. Why was Sardinia-Piedmont the natural leader of Italian unification?

Q142. Consider the following statements about Italy before unification. 1. It was divided into seven states. 2. The centre was ruled by the Pope. 3. Italian had one common standard form everywhere. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q143. Why did the mantle of Italian unification pass from Mazzini to Sardinia-Piedmont?

Q144. Which statement best describes Cavour?

Q145. How did Cavour's diplomacy help Sardinia-Piedmont defeat Austria in 1859?

Q146. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Garibaldi succeeded in driving the Spanish rulers out of southern Italy in 1860. Reason (R): He won the support of the local peasants in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Q147. Why did many peasants in southern Italy believe that 'La Talia' was Victor Emmanuel's wife?

Q148. Which region was the last to join a unified Italy, and in which year?

Q149. Why could the Papal States join Italy only in 1870?

Q150. Consider the following statements about Garibaldi. 1. He joined Mazzini's Young Italy movement. 2. He led the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860. 3. His Red Shirts captured Rome in 1867. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q151. Why do some scholars call Britain the model nation-state, yet the chapter calls its case 'strange'?

Q152. Which institution became the instrument through which England forged a nation-state with itself at the centre?

Q153. What did the Act of Union of 1707 mean in effect for Scotland?

Q154. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak Gaelic and wear their national dress. Reason (R): The growth of a British identity meant Scotland's distinctive culture was systematically suppressed.

Q155. Why was Ireland described as a country 'deeply divided'?

Q156. How was a new 'British nation' forged, according to the chapter?

Q157. Look at the map of Italy before and after unification. Which region was the first to become part of unified Italy?

Q158. Which event in 1867 shows that Italian unification was not complete in 1861?

Q159. In what way did nationalism take a different course in Britain from elsewhere in Europe?

Q160. Describe the role of Garibaldi in the unification of Italy.

Q161. Through a focus on Germany and Italy, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century.

Q162. Explain the process of Italian unification.

Q163. Why did nineteenth-century artists represent nations as female figures rather than as portraits of real rulers?

Q164. Why was the French nation named 'Marianne'?

Q165. Why were statues of Marianne erected in public squares and her image put on coins and stamps?

Q166. In Veit's Germania, what does the olive branch wrapped around the sword signify?

Q167. Which symbol in Box 3 stands for the strength of the German empire?

Q168. Consider the following statements about Veit's Germania. 1. It was painted on a cotton banner. 2. It hung in the Church of St Paul where the Frankfurt parliament met. 3. It shows the Kaiser's crown in the place of the broken chain. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q169. Why is the black, red and gold tricolour significant in Box 3?

Q170. Lorenz Clasen's 1860 painting shows Germania with a sword inscribed 'The German sword protects the German Rhine'. What mood does it express?

Q171. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The female figure used to personify the nation stood for one particular living woman. Reason (R): Its purpose was to give the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.

Q172. How had nationalism changed by the last quarter of the nineteenth century, according to the chapter?

Q173. How did the major European powers use the nationalist aspirations of subject peoples after 1871?

Q174. Renan called the existence of a nation 'a daily plebiscite'. What did he mean?

Q175. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Napoleon destroyed democracy in France. Reason (R): Napoleon's Civil Code established equality before the law.

Q176. A German print shows French soldiers seizing a peasant's cart beside a Tree of Liberty bearing a sarcastic inscription. What is the artist's message?

Q177. Why did Napoleon's rule both help and harm the growth of nationalism in conquered lands?

Q178. Why does the chapter say Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the 'administrative field' but not the political one?

Q179. A student says, 'Nations are natural and have always existed.' How would the chapter respond?

Q180. How is a nation-state different from a multi-national dynastic empire?

Q181. Evaluate Napoleon's impact on the territories he ruled.

Q182. Friedrich List wrote in 1834 that the zollverein would 'bind the Germans economically into a nation'. What political end did he hope economic measures would serve?

Q183. Why did most conservatives after 1815 not want a complete return to pre-revolutionary society?

Q184. Compare the ideas of the liberals and the conservatives in early nineteenth-century Europe.

Q185. The journalist Wilhelm Wolff described the Silesian weavers' extreme misery and the contractor's scorn. What does his account suggest about his viewpoint?

Q186. Carl Welcker argued that woman's sphere was the home and equality would 'endanger harmony'. Louise Otto-Peters replied that 'Liberty is indivisible!' What do these views reveal about liberal ideology?

Q187. An anonymous reader in 1850 complained that 'even the stupidest cattle-herder' could vote while propertied women could not. What argument was the reader making?

Q188. Why did monarchs after 1848 begin granting concessions even though they had suppressed the revolutions?

Q189. 'Though conservative forces suppressed the liberal movements of 1848, they could not restore the old order.' Explain.

Q190. Why is German unification described with the question 'Can the army be the architect of a nation?'

Q191. A Viennese caricature of 1870 shows Bismarck towering over the elected deputies of the Reichstag. What view of democracy does it convey?

Q192. An English caricature of 1859 shows Garibaldi helping King Victor Emmanuel II pull on a boot named 'Italy'. What does it suggest?

Q193. Which pair of processes best compares the unification of Germany and Italy?

Q194. Which of these shows that British nation-building, like German, was driven by one dominant region?

Q195. In which year did the largest number of Italian states join a unified Italy, according to the chapter's map?

Q196. Why did Italian elites like Cavour speak better French than Italian?

Q197. Why is it said that German unification demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power?

Q198. 'The formation of the nation-state in Britain was the result of a long-drawn-out process.' Explain.

Q199. In an 1836 version Veit placed the Kaiser's crown where the broken chain appears in his 1848 Germania. What does this change signify?

Q200. Julius Hübner painted 'The Fallen Germania' in 1850. Which historical events is it most likely referring to?