Ip address: 17 flashcards
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1. What is an IP address and how is it structured in IPv4?
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An IP address is a unique numerical identifier for a device on a network. In IPv4, it is a 32-bit number, typically written in dotted decimal notation as four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
2. What are the five classes of IPv4 addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and their first octet ranges?
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Class A: 1–126; Class B: 128–191; Class C: 192–223; Class D: 224–239 (multicast); Class E: 240–255 (reserved/experimental).
3. How do you identify the network portion and host portion of an IP address using the default subnet mask for Class C?
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For Class C, the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The first three octets are the network portion, and the last octet is the host portion.
4. What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
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A subnet mask separates the IP address into network and host parts, allowing routers to determine which subnet a device belongs to.
5. Given the IP 172.16.5.10 with subnet mask 255.255.0.0, what is the network address?
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The network address is 172.16.0.0 (performing a bitwise AND between the IP and mask).
6. What is the broadcast address for the network 192.168.1.0/24?
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The broadcast address is 192.168.1.255 (all host bits set to 1).
7. How many usable host addresses are in a /26 subnet?
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A /26 has 6 bits for hosts: $2^6 = 64$ total addresses, minus 2 (network and broadcast) = 62 usable hosts.
8. What is the subnet mask in dotted decimal for a /22 prefix?
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/22 means 22 network bits: 255.255.252.0 (binary: 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000).
9. You need to create 4 subnets from a /24 network. What subnet mask should you use, and how many hosts per subnet?
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Borrow 2 bits for subnets: /26 mask (255.255.255.192). Each subnet has $2^6 - 2 = 62$ usable hosts.
10. What is the CIDR notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.240?
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255.255.255.240 = 28 network bits, so /28.
11. Given the IP 10.0.0.55/8, what is the host portion in decimal?
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The network portion is the first octet (10). The host portion is 0.0.55, which in decimal is 55 (but as a 24-bit value it's 0.0.55).
12. What is the range of valid host IPs for the subnet 192.168.10.0/27?
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Network: 192.168.10.0, broadcast: 192.168.10.31. Valid hosts: 192.168.10.1 through 192.168.10.30.
13. Why is the IP 127.0.0.1 special and what is it used for?
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127.0.0.1 is the loopback address, used for testing network software on the local machine without sending packets over the network.
14. What is the difference between a public IP address and a private IP address?
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Public IPs are globally unique and routable on the internet; private IPs (e.g., 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16) are used within local networks and are not routable on the internet.
15. How many subnets can you create by borrowing 3 bits from the host portion of a Class C address?
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$2^3 = 8$ subnets.
16. What is the network address and broadcast address for the IP 200.100.50.30 with subnet mask 255.255.255.224?
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Network: 200.100.50.0 (since 30 is within the first 32-address block). Broadcast: 200.100.50.31.
17. Explain the concept of 'subnetting' in one sentence.
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Subnetting is the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, manageable subnetworks by borrowing bits from the host portion to create additional network bits.
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