Development · Class 10 Economics: 225 MCQs with answers

Q1. A landless rural labourer in the chapter's table hopes for all of the following EXCEPT:

Q2. Looking across the whole of Table 1.1, which goal does the chapter find common to almost everyone?

Q3. Which set lists only goals other than income that the chapter says people seek?

Q4. Before accepting a job in a distant city, which set of factors besides income does the chapter suggest a person would consider?

Q5. According to the chapter, what happens when women are engaged in paid work?

Q6. Which statement about income as a developmental goal is supported by the chapter?

Q7. What does the chapter say development involves, besides thinking about goals?

Q8. Which of these is NOT a goal of the girl from a rich urban family in Table 1.1?

Q9. What do industrialists and displaced tribals in the chapter's example disagree about?

Q10. Which goal does the chapter say landless rural labourers have regarding leadership?

Q11. Why do different persons have different notions of development?

Q12. What factors apart from income would you consider before accepting a job in a far-off place?

Q13. Why is income a common developmental goal?

Q14. Which formula gives the per capita income of a country?

Q15. When the World Bank sorts countries into groups, what does it go by?

Q16. According to the book, in which income group does India fall?

Q17. In a village of 10 families, the average monthly income is Rs 8,000. What is the village's total monthly income?

Q18. Which country in Table 1.2 has the more equitable distribution of income?

Q19. What does the chapter say about countries with higher income?

Q20. Why is per capita income used rather than total income to compare countries?

Q21. How does the World Bank classify countries, according to the book?

Q22. A student ranks Haryana, Kerala and Bihar only by per capita income from Table 1.3. Which order does she get, from most to least developed?

Q23. What does an infant mortality rate of 6 mean?

Q24. Which age group does the literacy rate in the chapter measure?

Q25. Why is it cheaper for a colony to hire one security agency than for every house to hire its own guard?

Q26. Why does Kerala have a low infant mortality rate, according to the chapter?

Q27. Which of these can money normally NOT buy for an individual, according to the chapter?

Q28. What is the per capita income of Bihar in Table 1.3?

Q29. Which of these is NOT an indicator used in Table 1.4?

Q30. Define infant mortality rate, literacy rate and net attendance ratio.

Q31. Why does Kerala have a low infant mortality rate?

Q32. Development of a country can generally be determined by:

Q33. India has a higher per capita income than one of these neighbours, and still ranks below it on human development. Which one?

Q34. An international report ranks countries using the educational levels of people, their health status and per capita income. Which organisation publishes it?

Q35. Which set lists the three things the Human Development Report uses to compare countries?

Q36. What is India's mean years of schooling for people aged 25 and above in Table 1.6?

Q37. Which of these is NOT one of the columns in Table 1.6?

Q38. Which country is at the top of every column in Table 1.6?

Q39. What does the Human Development Report measure, and why is 'human' prefixed to development?

Q40. How is BMI calculated, and what does it tell us?

Q41. Which pair correctly classifies the resources?

Q42. Using Table 1.7, how long would the world's crude oil reserves last at the present rate of extraction?

Q43. A landless labourer and a prosperous farmer in the same Punjab village describe development very differently. Which explanation does the chapter treat as more important?

Q44. A prosperous farmer wants hardworking but cheap labourers, while a landless labourer wants better wages. What does this pair of goals show?

Q45. Industrialists want a large dam to generate electricity, but the tribal villages upstream would be submerged. According to the chapter, what might the displaced people prefer?

Q46. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): What may be development for one person may not be development for another. Reason (R): Different persons can have different and even conflicting developmental goals.

Q47. Why does the chapter say that in some cases non-material goals may be more important than more income?

Q48. A student argues that since friendship cannot be measured, it should be left out of any discussion of development. How does the chapter respond?

Q49. Rohan is offered two jobs: one pays more but has no job security and leaves no time for family; the other pays less but offers regular employment. If he picks the second, which goal is he placing above income?

Q50. In a town where women feel safe travelling and working late, more women start small businesses. Which idea from the chapter does this support?

Q51. Consider the following statements. 1. People seek only income from development. 2. People also seek freedom, security and respect. 3. Different persons may have conflicting notions of development. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q52. A girl wants as much freedom as her brother and expects him to share household work, but he dislikes the idea. What kind of goals does this illustrate?

Q53. An adivasi family from the Narmada valley opposes a plan to raise a dam's height. Which developmental goal is most likely at stake for them?

Q54. Why does the chapter move from individual goals to the idea of national development?

Q55. A worker says she resents being paid less than a male colleague for the same work, even though her wage has gone up. Which goal is she emphasising?

Q56. Two neighbours disagree: one wants a new highway through the village for faster trade; the other fears it will split his fields. Which conclusion from the chapter fits?

Q57. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Money is the only factor on which the quality of our life depends. Reason (R): Non-material things such as friendship, freedom and respect also shape our lives.

Q58. Why are goals such as security and freedom often ignored in discussions of development?

Q59. Which situation from the chapter shows that a person may accept less income for another goal?

Q60. Why would two people disagree about what India should do for its development, according to the chapter?

Q61. Why does the chapter use the example of friendship in a lesson about development?

Q62. Do 'people have different developmental goals' and 'people have conflicting developmental goals' mean the same? Justify.

Q63. Where in life do things other than income turn out to matter? Give examples.

Q64. How are women's paid work and respect for women connected?

Q65. 'What may be development for one may not be development for another.' Explain with examples.

Q66. 'Developmental goals are not only about better income.' Discuss.

Q67. Suppose a country has just four families, whose average per capita income is Rs 5,000. If the income of three families is Rs 4,000, Rs 7,000 and Rs 3,000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?

Q68. Why does the chapter reject total income as a measure for comparing countries?

Q69. A student compares Countries A and B in Table 1.2 and finds their averages equal. Why does the chapter say most people would still prefer Country A?

Q70. In Country B of Table 1.2, four citizens earn Rs 500 each and one earns Rs 48,000. What is the average monthly income?

Q71. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Averages are useful for comparison. Reason (R): Averages show exactly how income is distributed among people.

Q72. A country has a per capita income of USD 70,000 a year. Using the figures the book gives for 2024, how would the World Bank classify it?

Q73. Choosing a debate team and choosing a sports team from the same class use different criteria. What point does the chapter make with this example?

Q74. Why does the chapter treat income as one of the most important attributes for comparing countries?

Q75. Consider the following statements about per capita income. 1. It is the same as average income. 2. It is used by the World Bank to classify countries. 3. It shows how income is distributed among people. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q76. A multinational pays a local firm to dump toxic waste near a city, and thousands fall ill. What question does the chapter's Abidjan activity want you to ask?

Q77. In the Abidjan incident described in the chapter, how many people were treated for symptoms of poisoning?

Q78. Why would a person who could be sure of being Country B's fifth citizen perhaps prefer Country B?

Q79. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Per capita income is used to compare countries. Reason (R): Per capita income is the total income of a country divided by its population.

Q80. Which of these would the chapter call a limitation of the World Bank's criterion?

Q81. What does national development mean, according to the chapter?

Q82. Which of these is NOT a reason the chapter gives for using averages?

Q83. Country C's per capita income is about USD 2,000 a year. Using the book's figures, how would it be classified?

Q84. Which piece of information would you need, beyond the average income, to judge which of two countries is better to live in?

Q85. Why does the chapter call India a 'low middle income' country?

Q86. Which statement about the World Bank's thresholds is the safest to write in a board answer?

Q87. Which pair shows the same average income but very different distributions?

Q88. When the World Bank sorts countries into groups, what does it go by — and where does that measure fall short?

Q89. Why do we use averages? Are there limitations to their use?

Q90. Why would most people prefer to live in Country A rather than Country B in Table 1.2?

Q91. Can a rising average income mean that all sections of the economy are better off? Illustrate.

Q92. What is an average for, and where does it let us down? Use examples of your own from development to show it.

Q93. Explain how countries are compared using income, and discuss the limitations of this method.

Q94. Using Table 1.4, which state would a family choose to give a newborn the best chance of surviving its first year?

Q95. Haryana's infant mortality rate is 28 and Kerala's is 6 per 1,000 live births. About how many times Kerala's is Haryana's?

Q96. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Haryana has both a higher per capita income and a lower infant mortality rate than Kerala. Reason (R): Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services needed to live well.

Q97. A state's net attendance ratio for children aged 15–17 is 69. Roughly what proportion of such children are out of school?

Q98. A wealthy family lives in a city with polluted air and frequent disease outbreaks. Why can't its income alone protect it, according to the chapter?

Q99. A girl in a remote village cannot attend high school though her family could pay the fees. What does the chapter suggest is missing?

Q100. Consider the following statements based on Table 1.4. 1. Kerala has the lowest infant mortality rate. 2. Bihar has the lowest literacy rate. 3. Haryana has the highest net attendance ratio. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q101. Using Table 1.5, what percentage of rural girls aged 10–14 in Uttar Pradesh are NOT attending school?

Q102. Using Table 1.5, what is the illiteracy rate among rural boys aged 10–14 in Uttar Pradesh?

Q103. Which fact from Table 1.5 best shows a gender gap in rural Uttar Pradesh?

Q104. Why is a child able to study in a village school, according to the chapter's reasoning?

Q105. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Health and nutritional status are likely to be better in states where the PDS functions well. Reason (R): The Public Distribution System supplies essential food through ration shops only to families above the poverty line.

Q106. Which statement best explains why collective provision matters for development?

Q107. If you went to school in Bihar, how many of your class friends aged 15–17 would, on average, be missing from secondary school?

Q108. Why does the chapter say money may not protect you from infectious diseases?

Q109. Which of these is an example of collective provision cheaper than individual provision, beyond those in the chapter?

Q110. Using Tables 1.3 and 1.4, which statement about Bihar is correct?

Q111. Which constitutional goal does the chapter say was expected by 1960 but is still unmet in many states?

Q112. Why does the chapter compare Haryana and Kerala in particular?

Q113. Why are girls especially affected when public educational facilities are inadequate, according to the chapter?

Q114. Why is income by itself not a completely adequate indicator of development? Give an example.

Q115. Why is collective provision of some goods and services better than individual provision?

Q116. What does Table 1.5 reveal about education in rural Uttar Pradesh?

Q117. Compare Haryana, Kerala and Bihar using Tables 1.3 and 1.4, and explain what the comparison teaches about development.

Q118. For a great many of the things that matter in life, providing them collectively is both the best route and the cheapest. Explain.

Q119. A student says the World Bank and the UNDP measure development in the same way. What is the key correction?

Q120. In Table 1.6, which country has a lower per capita income than India but a higher life expectancy?

Q121. Sri Lanka's HDI rank is 89 and India's is 130. What does this mean?

Q122. Which country is at the bottom of Table 1.6 for mean years of schooling?

Q123. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Sri Lanka is ahead of India in human development. Reason (R): India's HDI rank in that table is 130.

Q124. Why does the Human Development Report express per capita income in PPP dollars?

Q125. A girl weighs 45 kg and is 1.5 m tall. What is her BMI?

Q126. A student measures her height as 160 cm and calculates BMI by dividing her weight by 160 squared. What mistake has she made?

Q127. According to the exercise data for 2019–21, which state had the highest share of adults with below-normal BMI among those listed?

Q128. Around what fraction of adults in India had below-normal BMI in 2019–21, according to the chapter's exercise?

Q129. Why does the report put the word 'human' before 'development'?

Q130. Consider the following statements about Table 1.6. 1. Sri Lanka has the highest life expectancy. 2. Nepal has the lowest per capita income. 3. India has the best HDI rank. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q131. Which pair of countries share the same HDI rank in Table 1.6?

Q132. Which country in Table 1.6 has the lowest life expectancy?

Q133. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Health and education indicators are now widely used along with income to measure development. Reason (R): Income is an important but inadequate measure of the level of development.

Q134. Why does the chapter prefer a small number of the most important indicators rather than a long list?

Q135. A big country ranks far below a small neighbour on human development. Which pair from Table 1.6 does the chapter use to make this point?

Q136. What does a life expectancy at birth of 72 years for India mean?

Q137. Which statement about Pakistan in Table 1.6 is correct?

Q138. A health survey finds that 28 per cent of adults in one state and 8.5 per cent in another have below-normal BMI. Which states from the chapter do these figures match for men?

Q139. A government wants to raise its country's HDI rank quickly. Besides raising incomes, which two areas should it invest in, according to what the Human Development Report measures?

Q140. A school nurse finds a 15-year-old boy's BMI is 28. According to the chapter's example, how would he be classified?

Q141. Why is Table 1.6 described as comparing 'human' development rather than just economic growth?

Q142. How does the UNDP measure development differently from the World Bank?

Q143. What does Table 1.6 show about India's position among its neighbours?

Q144. Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.

Q145. For each item in Table 1.6, which country is at the top and which at the bottom?

Q146. Why is human development a better measure of development than income alone? Use Table 1.6 to support your answer.

Q147. Compare the World Bank's and the UNDP's methods of measuring development, and say which gives a fuller picture.

Q148. A farmer in Punjab has had to deepen his tube-well three times in ten years. Which idea from the chapter explains his problem?

Q149. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Renewable resources can also be overused. Reason (R): If we use more groundwater than is replenished by rain, we overuse it.

Q150. According to the chapter's groundwater evidence, about how many districts have seen water levels fall by over 4 metres in 20 years?

Q151. If present groundwater use continues, what share of the country may be overusing it in another 25 years?

Q152. Which set of places does the chapter name as regions of particular groundwater overuse?

Q153. An oil company must choose where to invest in long-term production. Using Table 1.7, in which region would reserves last the longest at present rates of extraction?

Q154. The USA's reserves would last only 10.5 years. How does the chapter say such countries try to secure oil?

Q155. Why does a rise in world oil prices hurt India in particular?

Q156. A company discovers a new oil field. Does this make crude oil a renewable resource?

Q157. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Sustainability is a problem each region can settle on its own, within its own borders. Reason (R): The consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.

Q158. Smoke from crop burning in one state darkens the skies of a neighbouring state. Which statement from the chapter does this illustrate?

Q159. What does the quotation 'we have borrowed it from our children' imply for development?

Q160. Consider the following statements. 1. Crude oil is a non-renewable resource. 2. Groundwater cannot be overused because it is renewable. 3. The world's crude oil would last about 47 more years at present rates. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q161. Why does the chapter call sustainability a comparatively new area of knowledge?

Q162. A city's population doubles and borewells multiply, and the water table drops sharply. Which category of overuse from the chapter does this fit?

Q163. Which statement best distinguishes 'different' developmental goals from 'conflicting' ones?

Q164. Why does the chapter say that respect for women and women's paid work reinforce each other?

Q165. Which pair of persons in Table 1.1 most clearly shows that one person's development can be destructive for another?

Q166. A factory offers a high salary but insists on seven-day weeks and no fixed contract. By the chapter's reasoning, what might a job seeker lose by accepting?

Q167. A student says development is simple: give everyone more money. Which argument from the chapter best challenges this?

Q168. Which pair of goals in the chapter shows that goals can support each other rather than conflict?

Q169. A government must choose between a mega-dam and many small tanks. What question does the chapter suggest it should ask?

Q170. How do individual differences in developmental goals affect the idea of national development?

Q171. Country X has twice the total income of Country Y but four times its population. Which statement about their per capita incomes is correct?

Q172. Records show a country's average income rising for ten years. Which conclusion does the chapter warn against?

Q173. A small oil-exporting Gulf state has a very high per capita income. Why might it still not be called 'developed' in the chapter's sense?

Q174. Which statement best explains why per capita income is an incomplete measure of development?

Q175. Company P pays five workers Rs 20,000 each. Company Q pays four workers Rs 5,000 each and its manager Rs 80,000. Which statement is correct?

Q176. Three friends earn Rs 12,000, Rs 12,000 and Rs 36,000 a month. What is their average income, and does it describe any of them well?

Q177. An official says: 'Our district's average income doubled, so poverty must have ended.' Which reply draws on the chapter?

Q178. A class of 40 students has an average score of 60. If one student's score rises by 40 marks and no one else's changes, by how much does the class average rise?

Q179. Why would comparing India's total income with Sri Lanka's total income mislead us about how well off an average person is?

Q180. 'National development means thinking about who benefits.' Discuss with reference to the chapter.

Q181. In a study, 90 per cent of rural people in Tamil Nadu used a ration shop, but only 35 per cent in West Bengal. Where are people likely to be better off, and why?

Q182. A student says Kerala proves per capita income should never be used to compare states. What is the best response based on the chapter?

Q183. Two states spend the same amount per person on hospitals, but one has far better health results. Which explanation fits the chapter's discussion?

Q184. Which pair of states in Table 1.4 have almost the same infant mortality rate despite very different incomes?

Q185. A newly surveyed state reports a per capita income of Rs 2,00,000 and an infant mortality rate of 30 per 1,000. Compared with Kerala's figures in the chapter, what can you conclude?

Q186. Consider the following about rural Uttar Pradesh (Table 1.5). 1. More girls than boys aged 10–14 are out of school. 2. The adult literacy gap between men and women is 22 percentage points. 3. Every child aged 10–14 attends school. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q187. Haryana's per capita income is more than five times Bihar's, yet their infant mortality rates are almost equal. What does this suggest?

Q188. A district planner has money either to raise incomes a little or to build primary health centres in villages where many infants die. Which choice does Kerala's experience in the chapter support for lowering infant mortality?

Q189. Does the availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on the money spent by government? What other factors matter?

Q190. Kerala earns less per head than Haryana and still ranks higher on human development. Someone concludes from this that per capita income is useless as a measure and should be dropped when comparing states. Do you agree? Discuss.

Q191. A man weighs 54 kg and is 1.8 m tall. Using the adult cut-off in the chapter's exercise, is he undernourished?

Q192. It is argued that India has enough food, yet about one-fifth of adults are undernourished. Which explanation best fits the chapter's ideas?

Q193. The book's text says Nepal has a lower income than India but a better life expectancy. What does its own updated Table 1.6 actually show?

Q194. A country has high per capita income but low life expectancy and schooling. How would it likely fare under each system?

Q195. Two students weigh 60 kg each. One is 2.0 m tall and the other 1.5 m. Whose BMI is higher?

Q196. Why might a country with a lower income than India still have a higher life expectancy?

Q197. Explain the Body Mass Index and use the chapter's data to discuss undernourishment in India.

Q198. Why might agriculturally prosperous regions such as Punjab overuse groundwater?

Q199. What does the 'number of years reserves will last' in Table 1.7 assume?

Q200. Using Table 1.7, roughly what share of the world's crude oil reserves lay in the Middle East in 2017?