Preparation of Carbon Dioxide: 20 flashcards
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1. Which two chemicals are used in the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide?
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Dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (marble chips).
2. Write the word equation for the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide.
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Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide
3. Why are marble chips used instead of powdered calcium carbonate?
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Marble chips react steadily and are easy to handle, giving a controllable rate of gas production.
4. How is carbon dioxide collected in the laboratory?
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By upward delivery into a gas jar held mouth-up.
5. Why is carbon dioxide not collected over water?
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Because carbon dioxide is slightly soluble in water, so some gas would dissolve and be lost.
6. What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?
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Bubble the gas through limewater; it turns milky or cloudy.
7. What causes limewater to turn milky when carbon dioxide is passed through it?
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A white precipitate of calcium carbonate forms.
8. Write the chemical equation for the limewater test.
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$$Ca(OH)_2 + CO_2 \rightarrow CaCO_3 + H_2O$$
9. What happens to a burning splint when placed in carbon dioxide?
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The flame is extinguished because carbon dioxide does not support combustion.
10. State two physical properties of carbon dioxide.
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It is colourless and odourless.
11. How much denser is carbon dioxide than air?
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About 1.5 times denser than air.
12. Why must the thistle funnel dip below the acid surface?
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To prevent carbon dioxide gas from escaping through the funnel.
13. Name two other sources of carbon dioxide besides the acid–carbonate reaction.
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Burning carbon in oxygen, heating limestone, respiration, and fermentation.
14. What happens when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?
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It forms weak carbonic acid.
15. How is carbon dioxide used in fire extinguishers?
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It smothers flames by cutting off the oxygen supply.
16. Why does bread dough rise when yeast is added?
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Yeast produces carbon dioxide during fermentation, which makes the dough rise.
17. What gas is released when baking soda and vinegar are mixed?
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Carbon dioxide — the same type of reaction as in the laboratory.
18. Why are fizzy drinks carbonated under pressure?
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To dissolve more carbon dioxide in the drink than would normally dissolve at atmospheric pressure.
19. What is the ionic explanation for why acid releases carbon dioxide from a carbonate?
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$H^+$ ions from the acid react with $CO_3^{2-}$ ions in the carbonate, forming unstable carbonic acid that breaks down into water and $CO_2$.
20. Compare the collection methods for carbon dioxide and oxygen.
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Carbon dioxide is collected by upward delivery; oxygen can be collected over water or by upward delivery.
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