Separation of Substances: 20 flashcards
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1. What is separation of substances?
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Physically taking apart a mixture to get its useful or pure components.
2. Does separation change the chemical nature of substances?
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No — it only changes their arrangement, not what they are.
3. What decides which separation method to use?
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A difference in properties between the components (size, weight, solubility, magnetism, boiling point).
4. When does handpicking work?
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Only when unwanted pieces are large enough to see and few enough to pick out.
5. What does sieving separate?
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Particles of different sizes, using a sieve with fixed hole size.
6. What property does winnowing depend on?
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A difference in weight — lighter husk is blown away, heavier grain falls straight down.
7. What is threshing?
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Beating dried stalks to separate grain from the plant stalk.
8. What is sedimentation?
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When heavier solid particles settle at the bottom of a liquid.
9. What is decantation?
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Gently pouring off the clear liquid after sedimentation.
10. What is filtration?
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Using filter paper or cloth to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
11. What is the liquid that passes through a filter called?
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The filtrate.
12. What is the solid left on filter paper called?
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The residue.
13. What does evaporation leave behind?
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The dissolved solid — the liquid escapes as vapour.
14. What is condensation?
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The change of vapour back into liquid on cooling.
15. What does distillation collect?
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Both the liquid (as distillate) and the dissolved solid.
16. What is the pure liquid collected in distillation called?
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The distillate.
17. How is salt obtained from sea water?
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By evaporation in shallow pans.
18. What does adding alum do to muddy water?
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It speeds up sedimentation.
19. Can filtration separate a dissolved solid?
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No — dissolved particles pass straight through the filter.
20. What is magnetic separation used for?
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Pulling out a magnetic component (like iron filings) from a mixture using a magnet.
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