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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: 22 MCQs with answers

All 22 multiple-choice questions from this kit, free and with no sign-up.

Full kit · everything Flashcards · 35 Quick Revision · 25

Warm-up · 7 questions

Q1. A typical angiosperm anther is described as bilobed, dithecous and tetrasporangiate. How many microsporangia does such an anther contain?

Beginner
A Four B Six C Eight D Two
Show answer & explanation

Four

Tetrasporangiate means four sporangia. Each of the two thecae holds two microsporangia, giving four in total.

Q2. In a transverse section of an anther, the bilobed nature is most clearly visible. Which statement explains why T.S. is preferred for studying anther wall layers?

Beginner
A It shows only the epidermis and endothecium B It hides the tapetum from view C It shows all four microsporangia and their wall layers at once D It displays the pollen tube emerging
Show answer & explanation

It shows all four microsporangia and their wall layers at once

A transverse section cuts across the anther and reveals the four pollen sacs and their layered walls, making it the standard view for study.

Q3. Arrange the microsporangium wall layers from outside to inside.

Beginner
A Endothecium → epidermis → tapetum → middle layers B Tapetum → middle layers → endothecium → epidermis C Epidermis → tapetum → middle layers → endothecium D Epidermis → endothecium → middle layers → tapetum
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Epidermis → endothecium → middle layers → tapetum

From outside in, the layers are epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum. The reverse order (tapetum first) is the inside-to-outside sequence.

Q4. Which wall layer of the microsporangium is responsible for nourishing the developing pollen grains?

Beginner
A Epidermis B Middle layers C Tapetum D Endothecium
Show answer & explanation

Tapetum

The tapetum is the innermost layer and its function is to nourish the developing pollen grains.

Q5. A student claims the sporogenous tissue inside a microsporangium is haploid. Is this correct, and why?

Beginner
A Yes, it is haploid (n) because it forms microspores B Yes, it is haploid because meiosis has already occurred C No, it is triploid (3n) like the endosperm D No, it is diploid (2n) and gives rise to microspore mother cells
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No, it is diploid (2n) and gives rise to microspore mother cells

The sporogenous tissue is diploid (2n). It forms the microspore mother cells, which then undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores.

Q6. Which cell is capable of giving rise to a microspore tetrad?

Beginner
A Vegetative cell B Generative cell C Microspore mother cell D Tapetal cell
Show answer & explanation

Microspore mother cell

The microspore mother cell (MMC), also called the pollen mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce a microspore tetrad.

Q7. Double fertilisation, involving syngamy and triple fusion, is unique to angiosperms.

Beginner
A True B False
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True

Double fertilisation — syngamy plus triple fusion — is a feature unique to angiosperms.

Building up · 10 questions

Q8. During microsporogenesis, meiosis in the microspore mother cell produces four haploid microspores. What surrounds this microspore tetrad?

Intermediate
A A cellulosic intine B A sporopollenin layer C An endothecium sheath D A callose wall
Show answer & explanation

A callose wall

The microspore tetrad is surrounded by a callose wall. Sporopollenin forms the exine of the mature pollen grain, not the tetrad wall.

Q9. If 10 microspore mother cells undergo microsporogenesis, how many pollen grains are formed?

Intermediate
A 40 B 80 C 10 D 20
Show answer & explanation

40

One MMC produces four pollen grains, so 10 MMCs produce 10 × 4 = 40 pollen grains.

Q10. How many microspore mother cells are needed to produce 100 pollen grains?

Intermediate
A 100 B 20 C 25 D 50
Show answer & explanation

25

Since 1 MMC → 4 pollen grains, 100 ÷ 4 = 25 MMCs are required.

Q11. The pollen grain is the male gametophyte. Which division forms the two male gametes inside it?

Intermediate
A Mitosis of the generative cell B Meiosis of the vegetative cell C Meiosis of the microspore nucleus D Mitosis of the tapetal cell
Show answer & explanation

Mitosis of the generative cell

The generative cell divides mitotically to form the two male gametes. Meiosis occurred earlier, during microsporogenesis.

Q12. Which substance makes the pollen exine resistant to enzymes and environmental extremes?

Intermediate
A Lignin B Callose C Cellulose D Sporopollenin
Show answer & explanation

Sporopollenin

Sporopollenin is the organic substance in the exine that resists enzyme action and environmental extremes, helping preserve pollen as fossils.

Q13. A researcher finds well-preserved pollen grains in ancient sediment. Which property best explains this preservation?

Intermediate
A The intine is made of cellulose B The exine contains sporopollenin that resists decay C The pollen is shed at the 2-celled stage D The pollen is 25–50 µm in diameter
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The exine contains sporopollenin that resists decay

Sporopollenin in the exine resists enzymes and environmental extremes, which is why pollen survives as fossils.

Q14. At which stage are over 60% of angiosperm pollen grains shed?

Intermediate
A 3-celled stage B 2-celled stage C 1-celled stage D 4-celled stage
Show answer & explanation

2-celled stage

Over 60% of angiosperm pollen grains are shed at the 2-celled stage, containing a generative cell and a vegetative cell.

Q15. Pollen of Rosaceae and Leguminosae can remain viable for months after release. What does pollen viability refer to?

Intermediate
A The ability to resist sporopollenin B The ability to divide by meiosis C The ability to form a callose wall D The ability to initiate fertilization
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The ability to initiate fertilization

Pollen viability is the ability of pollen to initiate fertilization. It varies across species and can be extended by storage.

Q16. For long-term storage in breeding programmes, pollen is kept in liquid nitrogen. At what temperature is this done?

Intermediate
A 0 °C B −196 °C C −273 °C D −80 °C
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−196 °C

Pollen can be stored for years in liquid nitrogen at −196 °C, which extends its viability for breeding programmes.

Q17. Pollen tablets are marketed as food supplements, which is a recent trend.

Intermediate
A True B False
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True

Pollen tablets are marketed as food supplements, described as a recent trend rather than a traditional cuisine use.

Topper level · 5 questions

Q18. A researcher is studying the microsporangium wall layers in angiosperms. If the researcher identifies the layers from the innermost to the outermost, which order should they document?

Advanced
A Middle layers → endothecium → epidermis → tapetum B Epidermis → endothecium → middle layers → tapetum C Tapetum → middle layers → endothecium → epidermis D Endothecium → tapetum → middle layers → epidermis
Show answer & explanation

Tapetum → middle layers → endothecium → epidermis

The correct order from innermost to outermost is Tapetum → middle layers → endothecium → epidermis, as per the structure of the microsporangium.

Q19. During microsporogenesis, a microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce microspores. If a researcher starts with 12 microspore mother cells, how many microspores will be produced?

Advanced
A 36 microspores B 48 microspores C 24 microspores D 12 microspores
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48 microspores

Each microspore mother cell produces 4 microspores. Therefore, 12 MMCs will produce \(12 imes 4 = 48\) microspores.

Q20. In a study of pollen viability, a scientist finds that pollen from a specific angiosperm family remains viable for several months. Which factors could contribute to this extended viability?

Advanced
A Low temperature during storage B Presence of sporopollenin in the exine C High moisture content in pollen D High sugar concentration in pollen
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Presence of sporopollenin in the exine

The presence of sporopollenin in the exine provides resistance to environmental extremes and enzymes, contributing to the extended viability of pollen.

Q21. When analyzing the process of double fertilization in angiosperms, which of the following statements correctly describes the outcomes of this process?

Advanced
A Both male gametes fuse with the egg cell to form two zygotes. B The primary endosperm cell is formed from the fusion of the two male gametes. C Double fertilization results in only one diploid structure. D One male gamete forms the zygote, and the other forms the endosperm nucleus.
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One male gamete forms the zygote, and the other forms the endosperm nucleus.

In double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote, while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm nucleus.

Q22. A student is tasked with designing an artificial hybridization protocol for a bisexual flower. Which sequence of steps should the student follow to ensure successful cross-pollination?

Advanced
A Cross pollination → emasculation → bagging → rebagging B Bagging → emasculation → cross pollination → rebagging C Emasculation → bagging → cross pollination → rebagging D Rebagging → cross pollination → emasculation → bagging
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Emasculation → bagging → cross pollination → rebagging

The correct sequence is emasculation (removing anthers), bagging (to prevent unwanted pollination), cross pollination (applying desired pollen), and finally rebagging to protect the stigma.

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