Basic Science: 23 flashcards
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1. What is a substance?
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A substance is a form of matter that has a specific composition and distinct properties.
2. What is an element?
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An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
3. What is a compound?
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A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
4. What is a mixture?
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A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means.
5. What is a homogeneous mixture?
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A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, and its components cannot be seen separately.
6. What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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A heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition, and its components can be seen separately.
7. What is a solution?
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A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the particles are uniformly distributed.
8. What is a solute?
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The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution.
9. What is a solvent?
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The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.
10. What is a suspension?
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A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas but do not dissolve and settle over time.
11. What is a colloid?
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A colloid is a mixture where particles of one substance are dispersed in another but are larger than those in a solution and do not settle.
12. What is the Tyndall effect?
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The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles, making the path of light visible.
13. What is a physical change?
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A physical change alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
14. What is a chemical change?
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A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties.
15. What is an atom?
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.
16. What is a molecule?
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A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance (element or compound) that can exist independently and retains its properties.
17. What is the difference between an element and a compound?
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An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms chemically combined.
18. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
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A compound is a pure substance with fixed composition and properties, while a mixture contains two or more substances physically combined with variable composition.
19. Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.
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Salt dissolved in water is a homogeneous mixture.
20. Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
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Oil and water is a heterogeneous mixture.
21. What is the process of separating a mixture by evaporation?
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Evaporation separates a dissolved solid from a liquid by heating the mixture until the liquid turns into vapor.
22. What is filtration?
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Filtration is a method to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid using a filter medium.
23. What is the importance of substances in daily life?
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Substances are essential for various purposes: water for drinking, oxygen for breathing, and materials like metals and plastics for making objects.
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