The Life Processes
What sleeping bodies still do
All four run 24/7 — maintenance never sleeps, and maintenance costs energy.
↳ Life = non-stop maintenance, powered by nutrition.
📚 Chapter Learning Kit
Life Processes · Class 10 Science
English 4 topics 216 leveled MCQs 88 flashcards 4 games Free
Shared by a Veda teacher · Generated with Veda AI
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Autotroph vs Heterotroph
Cook or customer?
↳ Cooks (autotrophs) feed the customers (heterotrophs).
Photosynthesis
The equation feeding the planet
The carbohydrate is stored as starch — the plant's pantry.
↳ Air + water + light = food + the oxygen we breathe.
Breathing ≠ Respiration
The pump and the factory
↳ Breathing delivers the oxygen; respiration spends it.
Glucose → Pyruvate
Everyone starts here
The universal first step: the 6-carbon glucose splits into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules — in the cytoplasm, in every organism, oxygen or not. Only pyruvate's fate differs afterwards.
↳ 6C → 3C in the cytoplasm — the shared opening move.
Aerobic Respiration
The high-energy route
This finish runs in the mitochondria — the reason they're called the cell's powerhouses.
↳ Oxygen + mitochondria = maximum energy payout.
📖 Smart notes
What you'll study, topic by topic
1
Life Processes and Nutrition: From Sunlight to the Small Intestine
What keeps something 'alive' — the maintenance jobs called life processes — then nutrition in depth: photosynthesis in plants, feeding in Amoeba, and the complete human digestive journey.
- LIFE PROCESSES = the maintenance jobs of living beings: nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion. Even a sleeping organism runs the...
- AUTOTROPHIC nutrition: make your own food from CO₂ and water using sunlight and chlorophyll (green plants, some bacteria). HETEROTROPHIC: ta...
- Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --sunlight, chlorophyll--> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. The carbohydrate is stored as STARCH.
~45 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
2
Respiration: How Cells Cash In Their Food for Energy
The three ways glucose breaks down — aerobic, fermentation in yeast, lactic acid in tired muscles — plus the human breathing system, gas exchange at alveoli, and how plants and fish respire.
- BREATHING is the physical movement of air in and out; RESPIRATION is the chemical release of energy from food inside cells. Breathing serves...
- First step (all pathways, in cytoplasm): glucose (6C) → PYRUVATE (3C).
- AEROBIC (with O₂, in mitochondria): pyruvate → CO₂ + water; releases the MOST energy. The mitochondria are the site — the cell's power stati...
~40 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
3
Transportation: Blood, the Four-Chambered Heart and Plant Plumbing
Blood's team of components, arteries-veins-capillaries, the heart's double circulation, lymph, blood pressure — then the plant side: xylem's transpiration pull and phloem's loaded translocation.
- BLOOD = fluid PLASMA (carries food, CO₂, nitrogenous waste, salts — mostly dissolved) + RED CELLS (haemoglobin carries O₂) + WHITE CELLS (de...
- ARTERIES: thick, elastic walls; carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure. VEINS: thinner walls, VALVES prevent backflow; carry bl...
- HEART: four chambers — two atria (receive blood) above two ventricles (pump blood out). Ventricle walls are thicker; the LEFT ventricle is t...
~45 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
4
Excretion: Kidneys, Nephrons, Dialysis and How Plants Take Out the Trash
Why metabolic waste must go, the human excretory system organ by organ, the nephron's filter-and-reclaim mechanism, artificial kidneys, and the very different waste strategies of plants.
- EXCRETION = removal of harmful METABOLIC wastes (made inside cells) — chiefly nitrogenous urea in humans. Different from egestion (undigeste...
- Urea is produced in the LIVER from excess amino acids/proteins, carried by blood, and removed by the KIDNEYS.
- Human system: two kidneys (bean-shaped, at the back of the abdomen) → two ureters → urinary bladder → urethra.
~35 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
❓ Leveled MCQ practice
Try the smart MCQs from this kit
216 questions laddered from warm-up to topper-level, each with an explanation. A taste:
Consider these statements about life processes. I. Nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion are all life processes. II. They go on even when an organism is asleep and doing nothing visible. III. Their purpose is to maintain and repair the body. IV. Movement is the surest single proof that something is alive. Which statements are correct?
Advanced
A I, II and III only
B I and IV only
C II and IV only
D All four
Show answer & explanation
I, II and III only
A plant is alive and hardly moves; a car moves and is not. Visible movement is a poor test, which is why molecular maintenance is the definition used instead.
Which is the correct explanation of why every food chain must begin with an autotroph?
Advanced
A autotrophs are always more numerous than the animals that eat them
B autotrophs are the only organisms that respire
C autotrophs live longer than heterotrophs and so come first
D only autotrophs can capture energy from outside the living world and build food from simple substances
Show answer & explanation
only autotrophs can capture energy from outside the living world and build food from simple substances
Heterotrophs can only rearrange food that already exists. Without something to bring energy into the living world in the first place, there is nothing for the chain to pass along.
A leaf with green and white patches is tested for starch with iodine. Blue-black appears only on the parts that were green. This shows that:
Advanced
A iodine reacts with chlorophyll rather than with starch
B the white parts were not exposed to sunlight
C starch was made everywhere but washed out of the white parts
D chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis, since only the green parts made starch
Show answer & explanation
chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis, since only the green parts made starch
The variegated leaf is its own control — the same leaf, same light, same air, differing only in pigment. That is what makes the experiment convincing.
Consider these statements about the events of photosynthesis. I. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy. II. Light energy splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. III. Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate. IV. All three steps must happen at the same time in the same place. Which statements are correct?
Advanced
A I, II and III only
B I and IV only
C II and IV only
D All four
Show answer & explanation
I, II and III only
The steps need not be simultaneous — in desert plants carbon dioxide is taken in at night and used by day. Separating them in time is how such plants survive.
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