Tughlaq Reforms: 18 flashcards
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1. What was the primary military achievement of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in the Deccan?
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He successfully campaigned in the Deccan, bringing the kingdoms of Kampili and the Hoysalas under Delhi Sultanate control, and reducing the power of the Kakatiyas.
2. Which region did Muhammad bin Tughlaq conquer that was previously ruled by the Yadava dynasty?
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Devagiri (later renamed Daulatabad) was conquered, and he made it his second capital for a time.
3. What was the outcome of Muhammad bin Tughlaq's expedition against the Mongol forces?
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He successfully repelled Mongol invasions in the northwest, maintaining the integrity of the Delhi Sultanate's frontiers.
4. Name the administrative reform for which Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency.
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He introduced copper and brass coins (token currency) to replace silver and gold, aiming to address the shortage of precious metals and facilitate trade.
5. Why did the token currency experiment fail?
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It failed because the government accepted only gold and silver for taxes, and the token coins were easily counterfeited, leading to a loss of confidence and economic chaos.
6. What was the purpose of shifting the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?
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To better control the Deccan region and protect the empire from Mongol invasions from the northwest.
7. What was a major consequence of the capital shift to Daulatabad?
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It caused immense suffering to the people who were forced to migrate, and the distance made administration difficult, leading to the eventual abandonment of the new capital.
8. What was the 'Diwan-i-Amir Kohi'?
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It was a department of agriculture established by Muhammad bin Tughlaq to improve cultivation and increase agricultural production through loans and direct supervision.
9. What was the main objective of the agricultural reforms under Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
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To increase the area under cultivation and improve the revenue system by providing loans to farmers and encouraging the cultivation of cash crops.
10. How did Muhammad bin Tughlaq attempt to improve the revenue administration?
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He ordered a detailed land survey and attempted to fix revenue rates based on the fertility of the soil, but the harsh collection methods led to revolts.
11. What was the 'Diwan-i-Bandagan'?
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It was the department of slaves, which managed the royal household and state slaves, reflecting the Sultan's interest in administrative organization.
12. What was the fate of the 'Diwan-i-Bandagan'?
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It was abolished because of the high cost of maintaining a large number of slaves and the corruption that crept into the department.
13. What was the 'Diwan-i-Qaza-i-Mamalik'?
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It was the department of justice, which was reorganized to ensure the impartial dispensation of justice across the empire.
14. What was the 'Diwan-i-Mustakhraj'?
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It was the department of revenue arrears, created to recover outstanding revenue and fines, but its harsh methods made it unpopular.
15. What was the 'Diwan-i-Risalat'?
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It was the department of correspondence and state records, which handled diplomatic communications and maintained official documents.
16. What was the 'Diwan-i-Insha'?
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It was the department of royal correspondence, responsible for drafting and issuing royal orders and letters.
17. What was the 'Diwan-i-Wizarat'?
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It was the finance department, which managed the state treasury and revenue, and was headed by the wazir.
18. What was the 'Diwan-i-Amir Kohi'?
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It was the department of agriculture, which aimed to improve cultivation and increase agricultural production through loans and direct supervision.
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