What probability is
Counting, carefully
↳ Wanted over total.
📚 Chapter Learning Kit
Probability · Class 10 Mathematics
English 2 topics 117 leveled MCQs 44 flashcards 2 games Free
Shared by a Veda teacher · Generated with Veda AI · Sep 2026
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⚠️ Common Mistake
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✏️ Example
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Equally likely
The hidden condition
The definition only works when no outcome is more likely than another.
↳ Always ask whether the outcomes are balanced.
The safest habit
List before you count
Two coins give HH, HT, TH, TT — FOUR outcomes, not three.
↳ Listing catches the classic error.
What to memorise
Three experiments, endless questions
Nearly every question is about coins, dice or a pack of cards.
↳ Memorise once, use everywhere.
Counting coin outcomes
Each coin doubles it
↳ 2, 4 and 8 for one, two and three coins.
The eight outcomes
Three coins listed
HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT.
↳ Exactly two heads happens three ways.
📖 Smart notes
What you'll study, topic by topic
1
Classical Probability and Complementary Events
Probability is counting, done carefully. Count how many outcomes there are and how many you want — and once you can do that, the complement gives the rest for free.
- $P(E) = \dfrac{\text{number of favourable outcomes}}{\text{total number of outcomes}}$.
- The definition requires the outcomes to be EQUALLY LIKELY.
- Every probability satisfies $0 \le P(E) \le 1$.
~45 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
2
Coins, Dice and Cards
Three experiments account for nearly every probability question set: tossing coins, throwing dice, and drawing from a pack of cards. Learn their sample spaces once and the rest is arithmetic.
- One coin: 2 outcomes. Two coins: 4. Three coins: 8. In general $2^n$.
- Two dice: $6 \times 6 = 36$ outcomes, and $(2,5)$ differs from $(5,2)$.
- A total of 7 is the commonest on two dice, with 6 ways; 2 and 12 are rarest, with 1 each.
~50 min · full explanation, examples & memory tricks in the app
❓ Leveled MCQ practice
Try the smart MCQs from this kit
117 questions laddered from warm-up to topper-level, each with an explanation. A taste:
The classical definition of probability is
Beginner
A $\frac{\text{total}}{\text{favourable}}$
B favourable $\times$ total
C $\frac{\text{favourable}}{\text{total}}$
D favourable $-$ total
Show answer & explanation
$\frac{\text{favourable}}{\text{total}}$
Wanted over total.
That definition requires the outcomes to be
Beginner
A few in number
B equally likely
C numerical
D independent
Show answer & explanation
equally likely
Otherwise no outcome may be counted the same as another.
A drawing pin tossed in the air illustrates
Intermediate
A an impossible event
B two outcomes that are NOT equally likely
C a certain event
D a fair experiment
Show answer & explanation
two outcomes that are NOT equally likely
Point-up and point-down do not happen equally often.
Tossing two coins has how many equally likely outcomes?
Intermediate
A three
B two
C four
D eight
Show answer & explanation
four
HH, HT, TH, TT.
🃏 Flashcards
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44 flashcards in this kit — the app reviews them with spaced repetition so the right card returns on the right day.
🎮 Learning games
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True False
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