Force & Motion: 25 flashcards
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1. What is a **force**?
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A push or a pull that can change the state of motion of an object.
2. What are the two main types of forces?
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**Contact forces** and **non-contact forces**.
3. Give an example of a **contact force**.
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Frictional force, muscular force, normal force.
4. Give an example of a **non-contact force**.
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Gravitational force, magnetic force, electrostatic force.
5. What is the SI unit of force?
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**Newton** (N).
6. What is a **balanced force**?
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When two or more forces acting on an object cancel each other out, resulting in no change in the object's state of motion.
7. What is an **unbalanced force**?
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When the net force acting on an object is not zero, causing a change in the object's state of motion (acceleration).
8. What effect do **balanced forces** have on a stationary object?
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The object remains at rest.
9. What effect do **unbalanced forces** have on a stationary object?
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The object starts to move.
10. What effect do **balanced forces** have on a moving object?
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The object continues to move with constant velocity (constant speed in a straight line).
11. What effect do **unbalanced forces** have on a moving object?
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The object's speed, direction, or both change (it accelerates).
12. What is **Newton's First Law of Motion** also known as?
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The **Law of Inertia**.
13. State **Newton's First Law of Motion**.
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An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
14. What is **inertia**?
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The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
15. What property of an object is a measure of its inertia?
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**Mass**.
16. How does mass relate to inertia?
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The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia.
17. State **Newton's Second Law of Motion**.
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The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. It acts in the direction of the net force.
18. Write the mathematical formula for **Newton's Second Law of Motion**.
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$$F = ma$$ (where $F$ is force, $m$ is mass, and $a$ is acceleration).
19. What is the unit of **momentum**?
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Kilogram-meter per second (kg m/s).
20. Write the formula for **momentum**.
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$$p = mv$$ (where $p$ is momentum, $m$ is mass, and $v$ is velocity).
21. How is **Newton's Second Law** related to momentum?
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It states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force.
22. State **Newton's Third Law of Motion**.
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To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
23. On which objects do action and reaction forces act?
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They always act on *two different objects*.
24. What is the **Law of Conservation of Momentum**?
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When two or more objects interact, their total momentum remains constant, provided no external unbalanced force acts on them.
25. In a collision between two objects, if one object exerts a force of 10 N on the other, what is the force exerted by the second object on the first?
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10 N in the opposite direction (due to Newton's Third Law).
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