The Circulatory System (ICSE Class 10): 39 flashcards
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1. What are the three main components of the circulatory system?
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The heart (pump), blood vessels (tubes), and blood (fluid).
2. How many chambers does the human heart have, and what are they?
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Four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).
3. What is the function of the septum in the heart?
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It separates the right and left sides so oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix.
4. Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?
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The vena cava.
5. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
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The pulmonary artery.
6. Which vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
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The pulmonary vein.
7. Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?
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The left ventricle.
8. Why does the left ventricle have the thickest wall?
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It must pump blood to the entire body, so it works against greater distance and resistance.
9. What is the function of valves in the heart?
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They prevent the backflow of blood and keep it flowing in one direction.
10. Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?
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The tricuspid valve.
11. Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
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The bicuspid (mitral) valve.
12. What do semilunar valves guard?
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The exits of the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
13. How do arteries and veins differ in direction of blood flow?
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Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood towards the heart.
14. Why are capillaries ideal for exchange of gases and nutrients?
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Their walls are only one cell thick, so diffusion is fast.
15. What is blood made of?
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Plasma (about 55%) and blood cells (about 45%).
16. What is the role of haemoglobin in RBCs?
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It binds and transports oxygen throughout the body.
17. What is the function of WBCs?
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They defend the body against pathogens.
18. What is the function of platelets?
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They help in blood clotting.
19. What is systole?
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The contraction of the ventricles, which pushes blood out.
20. What is diastole?
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The relaxation of the ventricles, during which they refill.
21. What is a cardiac cycle?
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One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart.
22. What is the normal resting heart rate?
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About 72 beats per minute.
23. What is the SA node and what does it do?
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It is the pacemaker in the right atrium that sets the heartbeat rhythm.
24. What is double circulation?
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Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit — once via the pulmonary loop and once via the systemic loop.
25. Why is double circulation important?
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It keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate, ensuring a high, steady oxygen supply.
26. What do coronary arteries supply?
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Blood to the heart muscle itself.
27. What can a block in a coronary artery cause?
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A heart attack.
28. Name two things blood transports besides oxygen.
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Hormones and nutrients (also waste products like urea).
29. How does blood help regulate body temperature?
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It redistributes heat around the body.
30. Which is the only artery carrying deoxygenated blood?
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The pulmonary artery.
31. Which is the only vein carrying oxygenated blood?
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The pulmonary vein.
32. What is the circulatory system?
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The body's internal transport network made of three inseparable parts: a pump (heart), tubes (blood vessels), and a fluid (blood).
33. What happens if any one component of the circulatory system is removed?
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The system fails — blood carries materials, vessels direct its path, and the heart keeps it moving; all three must work together.
34. How many times does blood pass through the heart in one complete circuit?
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Twice — once through the pulmonary loop and once through the systemic loop (double circulation).
35. What is the pulmonary artery's role in the double circulation pathway?
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It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange.
36. What happens at the lungs during double circulation?
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Gas exchange occurs — the blood is loaded with oxygen and becomes oxygenated.
37. What is the aorta and what does it do?
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The large artery into which the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood; it branches into arteries supplying every organ.
38. What causes the heart sounds heard through a stethoscope?
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Valves closing — semilunar valves shut when ventricles relax, and the tricuspid/bicuspid valves close during contraction, preventing backflow.
39. Why do fish have single circulation while mammals have double circulation?
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Fish have single circulation with mixed blood, but warm-blooded mammals need double circulation to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate for a high, steady oxygen supply.
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