Algorithm and flowchart: 18 flashcards

A step-by-step procedure or set of rules to solve a specific problem. Example: A recipe for baking a cake is an algorithm—each step must be followed in order to get the cake.

A visual representation of an algorithm using standard symbols (like ovals, rectangles, diamonds) connected by arrows to show the flow of steps. Example: A map of a subway system shows routes and stops, similar to how a flowchart shows steps and decisions.

It indicates the start or end of a program. Example: In a login flowchart, the oval 'Start' begins the process and the oval 'End' finishes it.

It represents an action or operation, like a calculation or assignment. Example: In a shopping cart flowchart, a rectangle might say 'Calculate total price'.

It represents a decision point where the flow branches based on a yes/no or true/false condition. Example: In a weather app flowchart, a diamond might ask 'Is it raining?' with arrows for 'Yes' and 'No'.

An algorithm is a textual, step-by-step description, while a flowchart is a visual diagram. Example: Writing directions to a friend's house (algorithm) vs. drawing a map (flowchart).

An arrow that shows the direction of control flow from one step to the next. Example: In a flowchart for making tea, an arrow connects 'Boil water' to 'Add tea leaves'.

It represents input or output operations, like reading data or displaying results. Example: In a calculator flowchart, a parallelogram might say 'Display result'.

A loop repeats a set of steps until a condition is met. Example: Checking your email every 5 minutes until you receive a reply—the check repeats until the condition 'new email' becomes true.

A conditional statement executes different actions based on whether a condition is true or false. Example: 'If it's sunny, go for a walk; else, stay inside and read.'

Use a diamond symbol with the condition 'Is number % 2 == 0?'. If yes, output 'Even'; if no, output 'Odd'. Example: For input 5, the decision leads to 'Odd'.

They define the boundaries of the algorithm—where the process begins and where it terminates. Example: In a vending machine flowchart, 'Start' is when you insert a coin, 'End' is after you receive your snack.

Brushing your teeth: repeat 'brush each tooth' until all teeth are clean. The loop repeats the brushing action for each tooth.

A decision tree for troubleshooting a computer problem: 'Is the power on?' If no, 'Plug it in.' If yes, 'Check monitor.' This visual flow guides you step by step.

A process is an action that changes something (e.g., 'Add 2 to x'), while a decision is a question that branches the flow (e.g., 'Is x > 10?'). Example: In a grading system, 'Calculate average' is a process, 'Is average ≥ 60?' is a decision.

It helps visualize the logic, identify potential errors, and communicate the algorithm clearly before writing code. Example: Planning a trip with a map before driving helps avoid wrong turns—similarly, a flowchart helps avoid logic errors in code.

Use a decision symbol that points back to a previous step (creating a cycle). Example: In a flowchart for counting from 1 to 10, after incrementing the counter, a decision 'Is count ≤ 10?' points back to the increment step if yes.

It captures data from the user or environment. Example: In a coffee machine, the input is the selection of coffee type (e.g., espresso, cappuccino) from the buttons.