Ancient Egypt: The Nile, Pharaohs, Farming and Trade: 36 flashcards
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1. Where is Egypt located?
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Egypt is in North Africa, with the Red Sea to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the north.
2. How long is the River Nile and which direction does it flow?
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The River Nile flows north for about 7,000 kilometres through several African countries, including the whole of Egypt.
3. What happened when the Nile flooded in ancient times?
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The floodwater moved back and left behind a thick layer of mud.
4. Why was the mud left by the Nile so important?
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The mud made the surrounding land very fertile, so farmers could grow more than enough food to feed everybody in the area.
5. What does 'fertile' mean?
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Fertile land is rich and able to produce good crops.
6. Which two parts was Ancient Egypt divided into on the map?
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Upper Egypt (the south) and Lower Egypt (the north).
7. Name three key locations along the River Nile.
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Any three of: Aswan, Edfu, Thebes, Abydos, Akhenaton, Memphis, Saqqara, Giza, Cairo.
8. Which two cities sit on Egypt's Mediterranean coast?
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Alexandria and Rosetta.
9. Who were the pharaohs?
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The pharaohs were the kings or queens of Ancient Egypt.
10. What three powers did the pharaoh have?
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The pharaoh owned all the land, made the laws, and received taxes from the people.
11. How many pharaohs ruled Egypt and across how many dynasties?
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Over 170 pharaohs ruled Egypt across 30 different dynasties.
12. What is a dynasty?
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A dynasty is a family of rulers.
13. How do we know about the pharaohs?
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Ancient Egyptian people wrote down what the pharaohs did and made pictures of events from their lives, carved into rock or painted onto walls.
14. Why is Tutankhamun so famous?
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He was not actually a very important pharaoh, but his tomb contained many treasures.
15. What was a shaduf used for?
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A shaduf was used to lift water from the channels onto the fields.
16. How did farmers get river water to their fields?
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Farmers dug channels from the river to the fields to water the crops.
17. Which cereals did Ancient Egyptian farmers grow?
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Wheat and barley.
18. Which vegetables did Ancient Egyptian farmers grow?
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Onions, beans and cucumbers.
19. Which fruits did Ancient Egyptian farmers grow?
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Melons, pomegranates and grapes.
20. What tax did farmers have to pay?
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Farmers had to give part of their produce, especially grain, to the government as tax.
21. Which animals were working farm animals?
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Oxen and donkeys.
22. Which animals provided milk, and which provided meat and eggs?
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Cows and goats provided milk; ducks and geese provided meat and eggs.
23. What goods did the Egyptians trade out?
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Grain, gold, papyrus, pottery and dates.
24. What goods did the Egyptians import?
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Metals, wood for buildings and furniture, gem stones, incense, myrrh and oils.
25. How did merchants transport goods?
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Merchants used boats along the River Nile, across the Red Sea and around the Mediterranean Sea; some goods were transported over land.
26. How did merchant boats change over time?
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Early merchant boats were made of reeds; later boats were built from wood.
27. Which king united the two kingdoms of Egypt, and when?
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King Narmer united the two kingdoms of Egypt in 3100 BCE.
28. Who built the first step pyramid, and when?
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Djoser built the first step pyramid in 2650 BCE.
29. When was the Great pyramid at Giza built?
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The Great pyramid at Giza was built between 2580 and 2560 BCE.
30. Who invaded Egypt between 1630 and 1523 BCE?
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The Hyksos people invaded.
31. When did Tutankhamun come to power?
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Tutankhamun came to power in 1332 BCE.
32. What were the three major periods of Ancient Egypt and their dates?
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Old Kingdom (2570-2130 BCE), Middle Kingdom (1940-1600 BCE), New Kingdom (1540-1070 BCE).
33. Which two events mark the end of Ancient Egyptian civilisation?
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Alexander the Great invaded in 332 BCE, and Cleopatra, the last Greek pharaoh, died in 30 BCE.
34. What was the Late Period and the Ptolemaic Dynasty?
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The Late Period was 650-320 BCE and the Ptolemaic Dynasty was 320-30 BCE.
35. Why did the Greek historian call Egypt 'The gift of the Nile'?
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Because the Nile's yearly flood left fertile mud that let Egyptians grow more than enough food, making civilisation possible in the desert.
36. Why did most Ancient Egyptian settlements sit near the River Nile?
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The Nile provided fertile soil for crops, water for farming and drinking, and a route for transporting goods.
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