Photosynthesis: 15 flashcards
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1. What is **photosynthesis**?
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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
2. What are the primary **reactants** required for photosynthesis?
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Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and water ($H_2O$).
3. What are the primary **products** of photosynthesis?
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Glucose (sugar, $C_6H_{12}O_6$) and oxygen ($O_2$).
4. What is the role of **chlorophyll** in photosynthesis?
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It is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy, primarily in the red and blue parts of the spectrum, to power photosynthesis.
5. Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in a plant?
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In the **chloroplasts** of plant cells, specifically within the leaves.
6. Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
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$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$
7. What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
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The **light-dependent reactions** and the **light-independent reactions** (Calvin cycle).
8. What happens during the **light-dependent reactions**?
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Light energy is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, with water being split to release oxygen.
9. What happens during the **light-independent reactions** (Calvin cycle)?
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ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar).
10. What is the primary source of carbon for glucose production during photosynthesis?
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**Carbon dioxide** ($CO_2$) from the atmosphere.
11. How does oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis, exit the plant?
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Through small pores on the leaf surface called **stomata**.
12. Why is photosynthesis considered the 'basis of life'?
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It produces the oxygen necessary for most aerobic life forms and the organic compounds (food) that form the base of almost all food chains.
13. What is the role of **sunlight** in photosynthesis?
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It provides the energy required to drive the chemical reactions, particularly the splitting of water and the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.
14. Which part of the plant absorbs water for photosynthesis?
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The **roots** absorb water from the soil, which is then transported to the leaves.
15. What is the main purpose of the glucose produced during photosynthesis?
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It serves as an energy source for the plant's growth and metabolic processes, and can be stored as starch.
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