Quick Kit: 18 flashcards
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1. What is a variable in C?
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A named memory location that stores data of a specific type.
2. What are the four basic data types in C?
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`int`, `float`, `char`, and `double`.
3. What is the difference between `=` and `==` in C?
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`=` is the assignment operator, used to assign a value. `==` is the equality operator, used to compare two values.
4. What does the `break` statement do inside a loop?
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It immediately exits the loop, regardless of the loop condition.
5. What is a function prototype in C?
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A declaration of a function that tells the compiler its name, return type, and parameters before its full definition.
6. What is a pointer in C?
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A variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
7. How is a string terminated in C?
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With a null character (`\0`).
8. What is a structure (`struct`) in C?
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A user-defined data type that groups variables of different data types under a single name.
9. What does the `continue` statement do in a loop?
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It skips the rest of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration of the loop.
10. What is the purpose of `malloc` in C?
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It allocates a specified number of bytes of memory at runtime and returns a pointer to the allocated memory.
11. What is the difference between `while` and `do-while` loops?
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A `while` loop checks the condition before executing the body; a `do-while` loop executes the body at least once before checking the condition.
12. What is the null character and how is it represented?
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It is a character with ASCII value 0, represented as `\0`, used to terminate strings.
13. What does the address-of operator (`&`) do?
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It returns the memory address of a variable.
14. What is recursion in C?
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A function that calls itself to solve a smaller instance of the same problem.
15. What is the purpose of `fclose` in file handling?
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It closes an opened file, flushing any buffered data and freeing system resources.
16. What is operator precedence?
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The rules that determine the order in which operators in an expression are evaluated.
17. What is the difference between passing by value and passing by reference?
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Passing by value sends a copy of the data; passing by reference (using pointers) sends the memory address, allowing the function to modify the original data.
18. What is the `switch` statement used for?
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It is a control flow statement that selects one of many code blocks to execute based on the value of an expression.
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