Atmosphere & Climate: 18 flashcards
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1. Match the following atmospheric layers with their key characteristics: (1) Troposphere, (2) Stratosphere, (3) Mesosphere, (4) Thermosphere. (A) Meteorites burn up here, (B) Contains the ozone layer, (C) Nearly all weather phenomena occur he…
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1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
2. Match the following temperature zones with their latitudinal ranges: (1) Torrid Zone, (2) North Temperate Zone, (3) Frigid Zone. (A) Between 23.5°N and 66.5°N, (B) Between 23.5°N and 23.5°S, (C) Above 66.5°N.
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1-B, 2-A, 3-C
3. Match the following wind types with their descriptions: (1) Sea breeze, (2) Land breeze, (3) Monsoon. (A) Blows from land to sea during the night, (B) Seasonal reversal in wind direction, (C) Blows from sea to land during the day.
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1-C, 2-A, 3-B
4. Match the following seasons in India with their typical duration: (1) Winter, (2) Summer or pre-monsoon, (3) Monsoon or rainy, (4) Post-monsoon. (A) June to September, (B) October to December, (C) December to early April, (D) April to June.
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1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
5. Match the following atmospheric gases with their approximate percentage in the atmosphere: (1) Nitrogen, (2) Oxygen, (3) Argon, (4) Carbon Dioxide. (A) 21%, (B) 0.93%, (C) 78%, (D) 0.04%.
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1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
6. What is the primary difference between weather and climate?
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Weather refers to the hour-to-hour and day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere at a place. Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a longer period, usually thirty years or more.
7. What is the main cause of the south-west monsoon in India?
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The unequal heating of land and sea. During summer, the Indian landmass heats up faster than the surrounding oceans, creating a low-pressure area over land. Moist winds from the high-pressure ocean areas blow towards this low-pressure area, bringing rainfall.
8. Why does the north-east monsoon bring rainfall to the eastern coast of India, particularly Tamil Nadu?
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During the winter monsoon, cold and dry winds blow from land to sea. However, when these winds pass over the Bay of Bengal, they pick up moisture and cause rainfall on the eastern coast of India.
9. What is insolation and how does it affect temperature distribution on Earth?
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Insolation is the incoming solar energy from the Sun that is intercepted by the Earth. Insolation decreases from the equator towards the poles, hence temperature also decreases from the equator towards the poles.
10. What is a carbon footprint?
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The total greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, such as energy use, transportation, or the production of goods and services.
11. In which two layers of the atmosphere does temperature decrease with increasing altitude?
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Temperature decreases with altitude only in the troposphere and mesosphere.
12. What is the mechanism behind the formation of a sea breeze?
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During the day, land becomes relatively warmer than the sea, creating a low-pressure region over land. This causes wind to blow from the high-pressure sea towards the low-pressure land.
13. What is the origin of the word 'monsoon'?
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The word 'monsoon' is derived from the Arabic word *mausim*, which literally means 'season'. Arabs, who came to India as traders, named the seasonal reversal of the wind system 'monsoon'.
14. What is the role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
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The ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the Earth by filtering the Sun's harmful radiation, including ultraviolet radiation.
15. What are the main causes of climate change as described in the content?
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Climate change is caused mainly by human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial pollution. These activities release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which trap heat and raise global temperatures.
16. What is an aurora and where does it occur?
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An aurora is a colourful display of light seen in the sky near the poles. It is caused by the 'solar wind' (charged particles from the Sun) reaching Earth's atmosphere and being directed towards the magnetic poles, where they interact with atmospheric gases causing them to glow.
17. What is the primary reason we do not feel the force of atmospheric pressure on our bodies?
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We do not feel it because air presses on us from all sides, and our bodies exert a counter-pressure in response. The pressure inside our bodies is equal to the atmospheric pressure, cancelling the pressure from outside.
18. What is the main technique described in Krishiparāśhara for predicting rainfall?
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Krishiparāśhara's main technique for predicting rainfall was based on the positions of the Moon and the Sun in the sky.
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