Quick Kit: 18 flashcards
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1. What are the seven layers of the OSI model in order from top to bottom?
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Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical
2. What is the primary function of Layer 1 (Physical)?
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Transmits raw bits over a physical medium (e.g., cables, fiber, connectors). Defines electrical signals and hardware like hubs and repeaters.
3. What is the primary function of Layer 2 (Data Link)?
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Provides reliable transit across a single physical link using MAC addresses and frames. Detects errors. Switches and bridges operate here.
4. What is the primary function of Layer 3 (Network)?
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Handles logical addressing (IP addresses) and routing. Determines the best path for packets across networks. Routers operate here.
5. What is the primary function of Layer 4 (Transport)?
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Ensures reliable (TCP) or unreliable (UDP) end-to-end data transfer. Manages segmentation, flow control, and error recovery.
6. What is the primary function of Layer 5 (Session)?
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Manages sessions (dialogues) between applications. Controls setup, maintenance, and teardown of connections (e.g., NetBIOS, RPC).
7. What is the primary function of Layer 6 (Presentation)?
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Translates data between application and network formats. Handles encryption, compression, and character encoding (e.g., converting EBCDIC to ASCII).
8. What is the primary function of Layer 7 (Application)?
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Provides network services directly to user applications (e.g., HTTP for web browsing, SMTP for email). It's the interface the user sees.
9. What is data encapsulation in the OSI model?
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The process where each layer on the sender side adds its own header (and sometimes a trailer) as data moves down from Layer 7 to Layer 1.
10. What is data decapsulation in the OSI model?
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The process where each layer on the receiver side strips off its corresponding header as data moves up from Layer 1 to Layer 7.
11. Which layer uses MAC addresses?
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Layer 2 (Data Link)
12. Which layer uses IP addresses?
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Layer 3 (Network)
13. What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at Layer 4?
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Segment (for TCP) or Datagram (for UDP)
14. What is the PDU at Layer 3?
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Packet
15. What is the PDU at Layer 2?
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Frame
16. What is the PDU at Layer 1?
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Bits
17. Why is the OSI model considered a conceptual framework rather than a protocol implementation?
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It defines what each layer must do but does not prescribe how to build hardware or software. It provides a common vocabulary for network communication.
18. How is the OSI model used in troubleshooting?
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Network engineers systematically check each layer from bottom to top (e.g., start with Layer 1 for physical connectivity, then Layer 3 for IP addressing, then Layer 4 for firewall rules).
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