Mid Term Science: 15 flashcards
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1. What is the SI unit of force?
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The SI unit of force is the **newton** (N).
2. Define pressure. Give its formula.
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Pressure is the force acting perpendicularly on a unit area. Formula: $P = \frac{F}{A}$, where $P$ is pressure, $F$ is force, and $A$ is area.
3. State the law of conservation of momentum.
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In the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a system remains constant.
4. What is the difference between mass and weight?
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**Mass** is the amount of matter in an object (scalar, constant). **Weight** is the force of gravity on an object (vector, varies with gravity).
5. What is the formula for gravitational force between two masses?
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$F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, where $G$ is the gravitational constant, $m_1$ and $m_2$ are masses, and $r$ is the distance between them.
6. Define work in physics. When is work said to be done?
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Work is done when a force causes displacement. $W = F \cdot d \cos\theta$. Work is done only if there is displacement in the direction of force.
7. What is kinetic energy? Write its formula.
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Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion. $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.
8. State the law of conservation of energy.
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Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. Total energy remains constant.
9. What is the difference between speed and velocity?
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**Speed** is scalar (magnitude only). **Velocity** is vector (magnitude and direction).
10. Define acceleration. Write its formula.
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Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. $a = \frac{v - u}{t}$, where $v$ is final velocity, $u$ is initial velocity, and $t$ is time.
11. What is Newton's first law of motion?
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An object remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. Also called the law of inertia.
12. What is Newton's third law of motion?
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For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
13. What is the formula for power?
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$P = \frac{W}{t}$, where $P$ is power, $W$ is work, and $t$ is time. SI unit: watt (W).
14. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
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**Potential energy** is stored energy due to position or state ($PE = mgh$). **Kinetic energy** is energy of motion ($KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$).
15. What is the principle of moments?
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For a body in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about a pivot equals the sum of anticlockwise moments.
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