Minerals and Energy Resources · Class 10 Geography: 225 MCQs with answers

Q1. Rocks break down and leave a residue of weathered material behind — which mineral forms that way?

Q2. Which group does the chapter's classification place limestone and mica in?

Q3. Which set correctly lists the three groups in Fig. 5.1?

Q4. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which rocks?

Q5. Which mineral's formation involves the removal of soluble constituents from surface rock?

Q6. Which of these correctly completes the sentence? Minerals range from the hardest ______ to the softest talc.

Q7. Which statement about India's mineral wealth is accurate?

Q8. What is a mineral?

Q9. Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Q10. What does 'Kudre' mean in Kannada, and why is the mine so named?

Q11. Which of the following correctly completes the sentence? Iron ore is the basic mineral and the ______ of industrial development.

Q12. Distinguish between magnetite and hematite.

Q13. Why are ferrous minerals important to India?

Q14. What are the uses of manganese?

Q15. Name the five prescribed iron ore mines and their states.

Q16. A cable manufacturer needs a metal that is malleable, ductile and a good conductor of electricity. Which mineral in this chapter best fits that need?

Q17. Which of these minerals does Koderma in Jharkhand lead the country in producing?

Q18. Roughly what fraction of the earth's crust is made up of workable mineral deposits?

Q19. A town collects old aluminium cans and copper wires and sells them to factories that melt them down to make new goods. Which conservation step is it practising?

Q20. Aluminium became a valued industrial metal because it ______.

Q21. Which state contains the Khetri copper mines?

Q22. Limestone is found in association with rocks composed of which substances?

Q23. Which mineral splits so easily that a thousand of its sheets can be layered into a stack only a few centimetres high?

Q24. Which of these is NOT a hazard of mining named in the chapter?

Q25. State the uses of copper and name its leading producing areas.

Q26. How is aluminium obtained, and why is it important?

Q27. Why is limestone important to industry?

Q28. A village family cooks every meal on cattle dung cake. Why does the chapter say this practice is being discouraged?

Q29. Which set contains only conventional sources of energy?

Q30. Which fossil fuel is most abundantly available in India?

Q31. Which form of coal is the most popular in commercial use?

Q32. In which state is the Talcher coal mine?

Q33. A city bus company switches its whole fleet to CNG. Which energy resource does the fleet now depend on?

Q34. Which of these is a non-conventional source of energy?

Q35. Which set names the three major petroleum production areas of India?

Q36. Which of these is NOT one of the prescribed coal mines?

Q37. Why is it becoming difficult for rural households to continue using firewood and dung cake?

Q38. Why are heavy industries and thermal power stations located on or near coalfields?

Q39. State the uses of natural gas and name its main reserves.

Q40. Monazite sand carries which of these minerals?

Q41. In which state is the Kakrapara nuclear power station?

Q42. Why does the chapter say India has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy?

Q43. A remote hill village has no connection to the grid. Which technology named in the chapter could convert sunlight directly into electricity for it?

Q44. Which two places are well known for effective use of wind energy?

Q45. What are biogas plants that use cattle dung called in rural India?

Q46. Which set lists the materials used to produce biogas?

Q47. A prospector pans grains of gold from the sand of a hill stream. What kind of deposit has he found?

Q48. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Gold, silver, tin and platinum are found in placer deposits. Reason (R): They are readily corroded by water, so only traces of them survive in valley sands.

Q49. Consider the following statements about minerals in sedimentary rocks. 1. They occur in beds or layers. 2. Coal and some iron ore were concentrated under heat and pressure. 3. Gypsum and potash salt form by evaporation, especially in arid regions. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q50. A student classifies bauxite as a ferrous mineral. What is the error?

Q51. A salt works on a dry coast produces sodium salt. Which mode of occurrence is at work?

Q52. Which pairing of mineral and mode of occurrence is incorrect?

Q53. Which statement best explains why the ocean is not a major source of most minerals despite holding vast quantities?

Q54. Consider the following statements about rat-hole mining. 1. It is done by family members through a long narrow tunnel. 2. It is practised in Jowai and Cherapunjee in Meghalaya. 3. The National Green Tribunal has declared it illegal. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q55. Which region does the chapter name for most of India's petroleum?

Q56. Which minerals are obtained mainly from veins and lodes?

Q57. Why does the chapter say minerals are needed even in a diet?

Q58. Which of these is NOT among the five modes of occurrence described?

Q59. Where in India does the chapter say reserves of many non-ferrous minerals lie, alongside the peninsula's rocks?

Q60. Which of these is the odd one out in the chapter's classification?

Q61. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): A mineral found in large quantity may still not be worth mining. Reason (R): Minerals occur in a variety of forms, among them veins, lodes, beds and placer deposits.

Q62. A researcher studies where mica deposits lie and which industries grow near them. Is she working as a geographer or a geologist?

Q63. Which minerals do the ocean beds contain in abundance, according to the chapter?

Q64. Which pair shows the difference between a vein and a lode?

Q65. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Q66. What is an ore, and what decides whether it is worth mining?

Q67. Explain placer deposits and residual deposits with examples.

Q68. Describe the different modes of occurrence of minerals.

Q69. Explain how minerals are classified, and distinguish between the groups with examples.

Q70. An electrical equipment maker wants iron ore with the strongest magnetic qualities and the highest iron content. Which ore should it buy?

Q71. A student writes that hematite is the finest iron ore. What is the correction?

Q72. Consider the following statements about Kudremukh. 1. It lies in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. 2. It is a 100 per cent export unit. 3. Its ore is carried as slurry by pipeline to a port near Mangaluru. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q73. A mining company in Goa produces ore of modest grade but profits steadily from exports. Which description in the chapter fits?

Q74. A government plans iron ore monitoring stations in only four states and wants to cover almost all of India's production. Which four should it choose?

Q75. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Bailadila ore is highly valued for steel making. Reason (R): The Bailadila hills hold 14 deposits of super high grade hematite with the best physical properties for steel making.

Q76. A paint company and a bleaching powder plant both buy the same mineral. Which is it?

Q77. An outline map marks a mine in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, known for its export pipeline. Which prescribed mine is it?

Q78. Consider the following statements about the Odisha-Jharkhand belt. 1. High grade hematite is mined at Badampahar. 2. Badampahar lies in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. 3. Gua and Noamundi lie in Singbhum district of Jharkhand. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q79. A manganese trader wants to buy from the state that led production in 2018-19. Where should she go?

Q80. A student lists Bellary and Ballari as two separate iron ore mines. What has gone wrong?

Q81. Which of these is NOT a use of manganese named in the chapter?

Q82. Which two prescribed iron ore mines lie in the same belt in Chhattisgarh?

Q83. A shipping clerk at Vishakhapatnam records a cargo of super high grade hematite. Where is it most likely headed?

Q84. Which of these is the odd one out?

Q85. Why is the Badampahar ore described as high grade?

Q86. A student writes that iron ore is a minor mineral of little industrial importance. Which phrase from the chapter contradicts this directly?

Q87. Which belt spans two states according to the chapter?

Q88. Describe the Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur iron ore belt.

Q89. Describe the Karnataka iron ore belt and the Kudremukh mines.

Q90. Describe the major iron ore belts of India.

Q91. An aluminium company wants its new refinery close to the state that produced the largest share of India's bauxite in 2018-19. Which state should it choose?

Q92. Consider the following statements about copper. 1. The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh are a leading producer. 2. The Khetri mines in Rajasthan are a leading producer. 3. India has large surplus reserves of copper for export. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q93. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Aluminium is an important metal for industry. Reason (R): It pairs the strength of metals like iron with great lightness, good conductivity and great malleability.

Q94. A cement company plans a plant near the state that produced the largest share of limestone in 2018-19, according to the chapter's chart. Which state is that?

Q95. Why does the chapter call mica one of the most indispensable minerals for electronics?

Q96. A steel plant runs a blast furnace to smelt iron ore. Which rock mineral described in this chapter must it also buy regularly for that process?

Q97. Which set correctly names the three main regions of bauxite deposits in India?

Q98. A miner who has worked underground for twenty years develops a serious lung disease. What cause does the chapter identify for such illness?

Q99. Consider the following statements about the hazards of mining. 1. Mining improves the quality of water sources in the region. 2. Collapsing mine roofs and inundation threaten miners. 3. Dumping of waste and slurry degrades land and soil. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q100. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. Reason (R): Mineral formation keeps pace with the rate at which minerals are being consumed.

Q101. A mining company keeps digging deeper into the same deposit decade after decade. According to the chapter, what should it expect as extraction continues?

Q102. Which deposit does the chapter describe as the most important source of bauxite in Odisha?

Q103. A student claims India has plenty of copper and exports it widely, just as it does iron ore. How does the chapter correct this?

Q104. An electronics firm needs a mineral that splits into very thin sheets, insulates well and resists high voltage. Which mineral should it buy, and from which belt?

Q105. Which set lists three mica-producing areas named in the chapter?

Q106. A river downstream of a mining area turns polluted after waste is dumped on its banks. Which hazard of mining named in the chapter does this illustrate?

Q107. Which statement correctly describes how aluminium is obtained?

Q108. In the 2018-19 bauxite chart, Odisha produced 65 per cent. Roughly what share did all the other states together produce in that year?

Q109. A furniture maker replaces metal fittings with other materials so that less metal is needed. Which conservation step in the chapter does this reflect?

Q110. Napoleon III once served his most honoured guests on aluminium, yet thirty years later beggars in Paris used aluminium bowls. What does the story show?

Q111. Consider the following statements about conserving minerals. 1. Mining from ever greater depths conserves minerals. 2. Recycling metals helps conserve minerals. 3. Using scrap metals and substitutes helps conserve minerals. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q112. A government wants to stop mining from becoming a 'killer industry'. What does the chapter say is essential for this?

Q113. Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?

Q114. Why is mica important, and where is it found?

Q115. What are the hazards of mining?

Q116. Describe the hazards of mining to miners and to the environment. What measures does the chapter suggest?

Q117. Why is it necessary to conserve minerals? Suggest ways of doing so.

Q118. Why are heavy industries and thermal power stations usually located on or near coalfields?

Q119. A sample dug from a swamp is soft and wet, has little carbon and gives very little heat when burned. Which form of coal is it most likely to be?

Q120. A steel plant needs coal with special value for smelting iron in its blast furnaces. Which form of coal should its buyer order?

Q121. Consider the following statements about coal. 1. Lignite is a low grade brown coal with high moisture. 2. The principal lignite reserves are at Neyveli in Tamil Nadu. 3. Anthracite is the lowest quality coal. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q122. A geologist dates a coal seam in Meghalaya to about 55 million years. To which geological series does the seam belong?

Q123. An outline map marks a coal mine in Tamil Nadu, where India's principal lignite reserves are used to generate electricity. Which prescribed mine is it?

Q124. Which pair of prescribed coal mines lies in the Damodar valley region of West Bengal and Jharkhand?

Q125. What does the chapter mean by calling petroleum refineries a 'nodal industry'?

Q126. In a region of folded rocks, oil collects at the crest of an upfold beneath a non-porous layer. What is this structure called in the chapter?

Q127. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): In an oil trap the gas usually collects below the oil. Reason (R): Gas is lighter than oil.

Q128. An oil company official wants to tour the fields of India's oldest oil-producing state. Which fields will the tour include?

Q129. Which field does the chapter call the most important in Gujarat?

Q130. Two prescribed oil fields lie offshore in the Arabian Sea rather than on land. Which pair are they?

Q131. A student is asked to identify the two prescribed oil fields on land in Gujarat. Which should she name?

Q132. Consider the following uses of natural gas. 1. Fuel in the power sector to generate electricity. 2. Raw material in fertiliser industries. 3. Cooking fuel supplied as PNG. Which of the uses given above are named in the chapter?

Q133. Along the east coast, where have new reserves of natural gas been discovered?

Q134. The first cross-country gas pipeline was 1,700 km long, and the network has since grown to 18,500 km. Roughly how many times has it expanded?

Q135. Which description of the HVJ pipeline matches the chapter?

Q136. Why is per capita consumption of electricity treated as an index of development?

Q137. A town draws half its electricity from a hydel dam and half from a coal-fired plant. How does the chapter compare the power reaching homes from the two?

Q138. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Hydel power uses a renewable resource. Reason (R): Hydroelectricity is generated by burning coal to drive turbines.

Q139. Which set names three hydel projects mentioned in the chapter?

Q140. A student must locate and label the prescribed thermal power plant in Telangana on an outline map. Which plant should she mark?

Q141. Which prescribed thermal power plant lies in Assam, the same state as the Digboi oil field?

Q142. Forest cover around a village has been shrinking for years. Why does this threaten the village's main source of cooking energy?

Q143. Distinguish between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.

Q144. Describe the different forms in which coal occurs.

Q145. How does petroleum occur in rocks?

Q146. Describe the distribution of coal in India.

Q147. Why does the chapter say there is a pressing need for India to use renewable energy sources?

Q148. A nuclear power corporation wants to source its uranium and thorium from within India. Which regions does the chapter name as their sources?

Q149. A map exercise asks for the one prescribed nuclear power station that lies in Maharashtra. Which station is the answer?

Q150. A student must locate and label the prescribed nuclear power station on the Tamil Nadu coast south of Chennai. Which station should she mark?

Q151. Which prescribed nuclear power station lies in Uttar Pradesh, in the Ganga plain of northern India?

Q152. Which statement correctly describes how nuclear energy is obtained?

Q153. A power company wants to build turbines within India's largest wind farm cluster. Between which two places in Tamil Nadu should it look?

Q154. Consider the following places. 1. Gujarat 2. Lakshadweep 3. Punjab Which of these are named in the chapter as having important wind farms?

Q155. A farmer feeds cattle dung into a small plant, cooks with the gas it gives, and spreads the leftover slurry on his fields. What twin benefits does the chapter say he gets?

Q156. A family is choosing a cooking fuel from kerosene, dung cake, charcoal and biogas. Which gives the highest thermal efficiency according to the chapter?

Q157. A geologist finds copper in the cracks of a granite body, in a thin seam. What would it be called, and how did it form?

Q158. A rich copper deposit lies deep in remote hills far from any road or factory. Why might it never become a mine?

Q159. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The alluvial plains of north India have few economic minerals. Reason (R): The distribution of minerals depends on differences in geological structure, processes and time.

Q160. A student asks why geologists need so many properties to classify minerals. What is the chapter's answer?

Q161. Why can a family in Meghalaya mine coal on its own land when most Indians cannot?

Q162. A deposit has high concentration and lies near a port and a steel plant, but only a fraction of it is worked. What does the chapter say must happen before a deposit becomes a mine?

Q163. A student says a mineral is any substance dug out of the ground. Which part of the definition is missing?

Q164. Which of these best explains why the type of formation affects a mineral's price?

Q165. Why are some sedimentary minerals found especially in arid regions?

Q166. Why is the chapter's statement about peninsular rocks important for understanding India's industry?

Q167. A textbook asks how minerals are formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Which answer is complete?

Q168. Why are India's minerals unevenly distributed?

Q169. 'India is rich in minerals, but not everywhere, and not every deposit is a mine.' Explain.

Q170. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Hematite is used in larger quantity than magnetite in Indian industry. Reason (R): Hematite has a higher iron content than magnetite.

Q171. A ship loads super high grade hematite at Vishakhapatnam for South Korea. From which belt did the ore most likely come?

Q172. Why does the chapter name an export port for the Bailadila, Kudremukh and Maharashtra-Goa ores?

Q173. A steel plant orders 50 kg of manganese for every five tonnes of steel it plans. Is the ratio consistent with the chapter?

Q174. Why would a sharp fall in steel demand in Japan and South Korea hit the Bailadila mines harder than a mine selling only to Indian plants?

Q175. A steel buyer wants haematite from Jharkhand rather than from Odisha. Which mines should it approach?

Q176. Which statement best explains why ferrous minerals are called the base of metallurgical industry?

Q177. Why would the chapter ask students to superimpose the maps of iron ore, manganese, coal and the iron and steel industry?

Q178. Which statement correctly contrasts the Karnataka and Maharashtra-Goa belts?

Q179. A tour guide in the Western Ghats explains that a mine's name comes from the shape of a nearby peak. Which mine and which animal?

Q180. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): India imports most of the ferrous minerals it needs. Reason (R): It has fairly abundant resources of good quality iron ore, more than its internal demand requires.

Q181. Two ore samples test at 68 per cent iron and 55 per cent iron. Which is more likely magnetite?

Q182. Why does Kudremukh use a pipeline rather than trucks to move its ore?

Q183. Which statement about manganese production in 2018-19 is correct?

Q184. A student is shown the Badampahar mines on an outline map and asked which prescribed iron ore map item lies in the same district. What should she answer?

Q185. Which prescribed mine lies furthest east among the five?

Q186. 'Most of India's iron ore belts have their own route to the sea.' Explain, and say why this matters.

Q187. Explain the importance of iron ore and manganese together to India's steel industry.

Q188. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): India is self-sufficient in copper. Reason (R): Copper is malleable, ductile and a good conductor.

Q189. A student adds the 2018-19 limestone shares of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh from the chapter's chart. What total should she get?

Q190. A company invents a process that extracts metal cheaply from ore once thought too poor to use. How does the chapter see such progress?

Q191. Why does the chapter call rich mineral deposits the country's 'extremely valuable but short-lived possessions'?

Q192. A map shows mica, copper and bauxite deposits clustered on and around the Chota Nagpur plateau. Why might the chapter call this region a storehouse of minerals?

Q193. Describe the uses and distribution of bauxite and mica in India.

Q194. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The Gondwana coal of the Damodar valley is especially valuable to the steel industry. Reason (R): The major resources of Gondwana coal are metallurgical coal.

Q195. The chapter's maps show a coal mine and a thermal power plant both at Singrauli. Which idea from the chapter does this pairing illustrate?

Q196. Justify that coal is India's most important and abundant fossil fuel, with reference to its uses and its different forms.

Q197. Describe the importance, occurrence and distribution of petroleum and natural gas in India.

Q198. A student marks all six nuclear stations from the book's map, but the syllabus prescribes only four. Which two marked stations are not on the syllabus list?

Q199. Read the Assertion and Reason and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Big solar power plants will benefit agriculture in rural India. Reason (R): They will reduce rural dependence on firewood and dung cakes, leaving adequate manure for farming.

Q200. Why does the chapter call biogas by far the most efficient use of cattle dung?