Paternal Biology: 18 flashcards
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1. What is the primary hormonal change observed in expectant fathers during their partner's pregnancy?
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A decline in **testosterone** levels.
2. Which hormone, associated with bonding and caregiving, tends to increase in fathers?
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**Prolactin**.
3. What is the role of **oxytocin** in paternal behavior?
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It promotes **bonding** and **nurturing** behaviors toward the infant.
4. How does **vasopressin** contribute to fatherhood?
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It is linked to **paternal care** and **partner bonding**.
5. What neural adaptation is observed in the brains of new fathers?
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**Neuroplasticity** changes, including growth in areas related to **parental care** and **emotional regulation**.
6. Which brain region is associated with increased activation in fathers when hearing their infant's cry?
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The **amygdala** and **prefrontal cortex**.
7. What is the '**paternal brain**'?
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A term describing the **neural and hormonal changes** in males that support fatherhood.
8. How does **testosterone** decline affect paternal behavior?
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It reduces **aggression** and **increases** nurturing and bonding behaviors.
9. What is the relationship between **prolactin** and paternal responsiveness?
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Higher prolactin levels are associated with **increased** paternal responsiveness to infant cues.
10. What role does **oxytocin** play in father-infant bonding?
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It enhances **trust**, **empathy**, and **social bonding** between father and child.
11. How do fathers' brains respond to their own infant's cry compared to another infant's cry?
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Greater activation in **emotion** and **caregiving** networks for their own infant.
12. What is the effect of **vasopressin** on paternal behavior in animal studies?
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It promotes **paternal care** and **protection** of offspring.
13. What hormonal changes occur in fathers after the birth of their child?
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**Testosterone** decreases, **prolactin** and **oxytocin** increase.
14. How does **neuroplasticity** support the transition to fatherhood?
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The brain reorganizes to enhance **sensitivity** to infant cues and **caregiving** abilities.
15. What is the adaptive significance of hormonal changes in fathers?
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They facilitate **paternal investment** and **child survival**.
16. Which hormone is most directly linked to **nurturing** behavior in fathers?
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**Prolactin**.
17. How does the **prefrontal cortex** contribute to fatherhood?
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It supports **planning**, **decision-making**, and **emotional regulation** in parenting.
18. What is the role of **testosterone** in paternal care?
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Lower testosterone levels are associated with **more** paternal care.
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