Bharat and Its Ancient Civilisation: 21 flashcards
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1. What is the ancient name for India?
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Bharat
2. Why is Bharat called a 'living civilisation'?
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Because its traditions, languages, and beliefs never ended — they continued to evolve from ancient times into modern India.
3. What is another name for the Indus Valley Civilisation?
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The Harappan Civilisation
4. Name the four major cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
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Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Lothal
5. What three features show the advanced urban planning of Indus cities?
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Grid-pattern streets, covered drains, and standardised bricks
6. Why is the Indus script still a mystery?
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It has not been fully deciphered, so we cannot yet read what the Indus people wrote.
7. Name the four Vedas.
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Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda
8. What do the Vedas contain?
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Hymns, rituals, and early philosophical ideas
9. What are the four stages of the ashrama system?
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Student, householder, forest-dweller, and renunciate
10. What were the Mahajanapadas?
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Sixteen major kingdoms and republics in ancient India
11. Which confederacy was an early example of collective governance?
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The Vajji confederacy
12. How did Ashoka spread his message of dhamma?
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Through rock and pillar edicts
13. Which empire is called a golden age of Indian art, science, and literature?
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The Gupta Empire
14. Which mathematical concept emerged from Indian mathematics?
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The concept of zero
15. Name two Indian epics that shaped cultures across Asia.
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The Ramayana and the Mahabharata
16. To which regions did Hinduism and Buddhism spread from Bharat?
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Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Indonesia
17. Which rivers remained centres of life across all periods of Bharat's history?
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The Sindhu, Ganga, and Yamuna
18. What two goals run through texts from the Vedas to the Bhagavad Gita?
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The quest for dharma and moksha
19. Why is 'ancient' not the same as 'primitive'?
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Because ancient Bharat had advanced drainage, mathematics, and astronomy — far ahead of many later societies.
20. Who actually built Bharat's civilisation?
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Ordinary people — farmers, potters, weavers, traders, and teachers
21. Where do ancient Indian ideas appear in modern India?
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In the constitution, yoga, ayurveda, and classical dance
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